The Rise of the Islamic Movement in Sudan 1945-1989

Abstract

Using a wider theoretical framework and recognizing the gaps that exist in studying political Islam, this study utilized Social Movement Theory (SMT) in examining the rise of the Islamic Movement in Sudan (1945-1989). Social Movement Theory (SMT) can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the Islamic movement in Sudan by exploring the Movement’s understudied mechanisms of contention and successful expansion, including liberal ideology toward adapting Islam to contemporary life, progressive views on the role of women in public life, organizational structure, recruitment among students, women, workers, military personnel and merchants, development of economic institutions, media utilization, and tactical consideration in the use of violence and accommodation. The rising influence of the Islamic Movement in Sudan was made possible by several factors that include: the liberal views of its leader Hasan al-Turabi whose charisma and liberal anti-elite views played a major role in changing the Movement from an elite-centered to a more popular political movement. The Movement’s changing views on women’s role in public life also played a significant role in enhancing its position among educated women in Sudan, the Movement’s innovative organizational structure and recruitment strategies among students, military personnel, and trade union members played a significant role in strengthening Movement presence among these groups. Also, the emergence of Islamic economic institutions such as Faisal Islamic Bank (FIB) fostered the political landscape in the country in favor of the Movement.