Income and Price Elasticity: Econometric Model of Paper Product by Ting Ting Gu A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama August 4, 2012 Keywords:Panel data, Fixed-effect Model, Random Effect Model, Newspaper, Writing and Printing Paper, Other paper and Paperboard Copyright 2012 by Ting Ting Gu Approved by John D. Jackson, Chair, Professor of Economics Hyeongwoo Kim, Associate Professor of Economics Richard O. Beil, Associate Professor of Economics i Abstract This thesis is about income and price elasticity of paper products. It is a panel data model which combines time-series data and cross-section data. The pooled data are based on twenty- three major forest consumed counties in 20 years. These annual data are from 1990-2009. The paper products are categorized in three kinds: newspaper, printing and writing paper, other paper and paperboard. In these 20 years, the price indices are deflated by the Consumer Price Index. Demand equations are estimated by country using ordinary least squares with Newey-West standard errors. The data are then aggregated into a panel and two-way fixed and random effects models are estimated. The estimated income and price elasticities prove robust regardless of which pooling technique or estimation method is used. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my parents, Xiuqin Yan and Baolin Gu. Without their financial support and emotional encouragement, I would have not had the chance to come to USA. I also want to thank the Department of Economics in Auburn University for giving me the opportunity to learn more about Economics. Special thanks will be given to my committee Dr. Jackson, Dr. Kim and Dr. Beil for their guidance and advices through my graduate career. iii Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... iv List of Illustrations ....................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vii Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 5 ................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 6 ................................................................................................................................... 24 References ................................................................................................................................. 26 Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 29 iv List of Tables Table 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Table 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Table 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Argentina Table ........................................................................................................................ 30 Australia Table ........................................................................................................................... 31 Austria Table ............................................................................................................................. 32 Brazil Table ................................................................................................................................. 33 Canada Table ............................................................................................................................ 34 China Table ............................................................................................................................... 35 Czech Republic Table ................................................................................................................ 36 Denmark Table .......................................................................................................................... 37 Egypt Table ................................................................................................................................ 38 Finland Table ............................................................................................................................. 39 German Table ............................................................................................................................ 40 India Table ................................................................................................................................ 41 Indonesia Table .......................................................................................................................... 42 Ireland Table ............................................................................................................................. 43 v Italy Table ................................................................................................................................. 44 Japan Table ................................................................................................................................. 45 Malaysia Table ........................................................................................................................... 46 Netherland Table ....................................................................................................................... 47 Norway Table ........................................................................................................................... 48 Republic of Korea Table ........................................................................................................... 49 Singapore Table ........................................................................................................................ 50 UK Table ................................................................................................................................... 51 USA Table ................................................................................................................................ 52 CPI Table .................................................................................................................................. 53 vi List of Illustration Illustration 1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 vii List of Abbreviations LSDV Least Square with Dummy Variable OLS Ordinary Least Square GDP Gross Domestic Product FAO Food and Agriculture Organization CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight FOB Free On Board 1 Chapter 1 Introduction A lot of potential reasons cause disparities in elasticity estimates. In the past 20 years, the Internet?s developing changed people?s reading habits; e.g., it affected the tradition media, so the demand for newspaper was reduced. Also the recovered paper?s effect on the demand for new paper is very obvious. In addition the costs of inputs were not fixed over the period. The prices of wood fiber, labor, and electricity varied year by year. So the elasticities were constantly changing. The short-term and long-term income and price elasticities can be estimated in either a static or dynamic framework. A static model assumes the response of demand to change in income and price occurs in one period, while a dynamic model assumes a multi-period (perhaps, postponed) response, Ordinary least squares (OLS) with dummy variables is often a useful methodto obtain demand equations. Furthermore, the bias of the pooled OLS approach can be corrected with the least squares dummy variables (LSDV) and the results gave higher price and income elasticity estimates. In addition, the long-run elasticities of the dynamic model predicted by LSDV are often similar to those of the static model. Dummy variables taking values of 1 and 0 (or their linear transforms) are a means of introducing qualitative regressors in regression analysis. This paper is important because it considers the demand for paper products and how it affects the international trade of those products. The price of paper in every country is affected by the international market for paper, and the elasticity of demand provides valuable information 2 regarding the extent of the effect. This paper proceeds in the following manner: In Chapter 2, the literature on paper products is reviewed. These papers are from 1970s to 2000s. In Chapter 3, the main theories used in this paper are discussed. In Chapter 4, data collection is discussed and the empirical model specified. In Chapter 5, the results of the fixed effects and random effects model estimates are analyzed. Chapter 6, provides a summary and conclusions. We now turn to our review of the literature on the demand for paper products. 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review Paper products are common products in that there will not change considerably from year to year. Several researchers have analyzed the price elasticity and income elasticity of paper products. Typical examples of such studies are: Joseph Buongiorno (1979); M.L. Chas-Amil & Joseph Buonigiorno(2000); W.S. Chao & Joseph Buongiorno(2002); Roger Brown (2005) In these papers, the elasticity estimates differ substantially from each other. In Joseph Buongiorno?s (1979) paper ?Income and Price Elasticity of Demand for Sawn Wood and Wood Based Panels: A Paneled Cross-section and Time-series Analysis?, over the period 1963-1973, demand for all products are found to be price inelastic, with long time elaticities ranging from -0.1 for board to -0.2 for coniferous wood. Price elasticities for plywood and non-coniferous wood were not different from zero. Long-term income elasticities were +0.7 and +0.5 for coniferous and non-coniferous sawn wood, respectively. Demands for all wood- based panels were income elastic, with long-term elasticities of +1.0 for plywood and fiber wood, and +2.3 for board. In the paper ?Exports and growth: a causality analysis for the pulp and paper industries based on international panel data? by W.S Chao & Joseph Buongiorno(2002), the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) results implied average multipliers across countries of 1.2 to 1.4 from exports to production, and 0.20 to 0.25 from production to exports. 4 In the paper ?Estimating Supply Elasticity for Disaggregated Paper Products: A Primal Approach? by Roger Brown and Daowei Zhang (2005), estimated long-run (short-run) output price elasticity is 2.75 (0.69) for newspaper, 2.45 (1.07) for printing and writing paper and 0.41 (0.24) for paperboard (and other). In some of the analysis to follow the data are pooled across countries. These data define the short-term and long-term elasticities of demand with respect to the price and gross national product. They were estimated by two-way model taking into account both in time-series nature and cross-section nature of the data. [ see, for example, Hair (1967); Buongiorno, (1977)]. Also, in what follows real gross domestic product (GDP) is used as a proxy for the output variable Y, the outputs of paper product are highly correlated with the general level of economic activity. Real GDP in the United States dollars is then computed by deflating the nominal GDP with the GDP deflator of the United States with 2005 as base year. Deflators and exchange rates are from the World Bank World Tables. These results then, are GDP statistics by countries, all definied in United States dollars, at the purchasing power of 2005. This approach is exactly that taken by M.L. Chas-Amil & Buongiorno (2006). Based on the previous discussion, several consumption models have been established on population and incomes (or some other index of economic activity) as explanatory variables for consumption (e.g, FAO 1960, 1963,1972; Hair 1967). These studies don?t change so much for the reason of explanatory variables as to the form of the functions and to the type of data used.(Joseph Buoniorno 1978). International data showed differences in income elasticity derived from time-series and cross-sectional observations.(FAO, Sundelin). 5 Much of the economic literature on paper deals with the supply side: input demand and output supply estimation. In this literature, most existing econometric studies of US pulp and paper supply follow the ?dual? rather than the ?primal? approach (see Beattie and Taylor 1993). The dual approach requires first an estimation of the appropriate objective (cost and profit) function and subsequent derivation of supply relationship through optimization. For example, elasticities of input demand are obtained by Boungiorno and Gilless (1980) and Boungiorno et al.(1983) by first estimating generalized Cobb-Douglas cost functions. More flexible forms, such as translog cost functions, whereas Bernstein (1989) and Hseu and Boungiorno (1997) use profit functions to obtain estimators of input demand and output supply. Competition and pricing based on market forces best characterize the paper industry. Coordinated anticompetitive behavior is unlikely given that market concentration is modest and competition from foreign paper products is significant. The market share of the top five producers for each paper grade ranges from 60% for printing paper to 80% for newspaper (Roberts,D. Center for International Trade in Forest Products, Seattle,WA, available at www. Cintrafor.org 2001). Average tariffs on paper is near zero, making efforts by large suppliers to attract monopoly-type rents generally unrealistic ( Gullichsen and Paulapuro 1998). In both cases, numerous foreign and other domestic firms stimulate competition within the paper industry with respect to pricing and production decisions. Thus we assume that the sub segments of the paper industry studied in this article are competitive or close to competitive. We can think of a firm with borrowing and lending as consisting of department for managing capital, 6 production, and liabilities of the firm. The first two departments are presented in the simplest model of a firm with capital as a factor of production. The third is a finance department that issues and redeems debt and equity in order to satisfy the cash flow requirement of the firm. The objective of this department is to minimize the cost. In this study, however, we are concerned with the demand for the output of paper products. So the theoretical foundation for our work is consumer constrained utility maximization from which a general demand relationship in whoch the quantity consumed id a function of price and income can be derived. The study by Buongiorno (1977) is an example of this approach. In the following chapter we discuss this theoretical approach in detail. 7 Chapter 3 Theory Since we are interested in the demand for paper by consumers of paper, we assume that consumers purchase paper so as to maximize their utility subject to a given level of income. Thus, we assume a general utility function (U) of the form X) (1) where W is paper and X is ?all other goods?, and we choose W and X so as to maximize this function subject to an income constraint of the form Y= PpW+PxX. Under some fairly general assumptions, we can derive a demand curve for paper from the first order conditions for this maximization problem. The grneral form of this demand function is (2) Assuming that W and X are unrelated in consumption allows us to rewrite our paper demand function in a simpler form as (3) Where D is the demand for paper, P is the price of paper, and Y is total income. A popular specification of this general relationship is a multiplicative functional form (4) Converting this behavioral relationship to one appropriate for empirical inquiry yields (5) 8 Where Dijt is per capita consumption of paper type j in country i in year t, Yit is the income in country i in year t, Pijt is the price of product j in country I in year t, a, bj, and cj are positive parameters, and ? is a stochastic disturbance term. Taking logarithms of both sides converts this model to the classic double-logarithmic formula: Log Dijt = a+ bjLogYit + cj LogPijt + ?ijt (6) The model is static since time doesn?t appear explicitly in the formulation (Labys 1973). Equation (6) is the specification that we will employ to empirically investigate the demand for paper. We turn now to a discussion of the data we will use and the specific model formulations we employ. 9 Chapter 4 Data and Model Annual data of domestic production and exports were obtained from the FAOSTAT database, the period covered from 1990-2009. The per capital GDP is used as the l income measure for every country.. The real GDP in United States dollars was then computed by deflating the nominal GDP with the GDP deflator of the United States, with 2005 as base year. Deflators and exchange rates came from the World Bank World Tables. The results then, are GDP statistics by country, all expressed in United States dollars. The amount of paper consumed was measured as domestic production plus imports minus exports. The price variable in each country (Pijt), in nominal United States dollars, was then estimated as weighted arithmetic average of the unit value of imports and exports. To express these values as real prices, the GDP deflator for the United States (base 2005) was applied to nominal unit values. The purchasing power of 2005 is the standard of the price in United States dollars. In this study, the 23 countries for which the United Nations statistical office reported long-term rates of growth in domestic product were selected. These countries which presumably have the most reliable Systems of national accounts consumed 85 percent of the world paper and paperboard production. Standardized series of production, imports, and exports are available for these groups. Unit values of imports and exports are readily computed from trade statistics. Time series for the three groups of products considered. 10 In the equation (2), price can be considered as exogenous variable, because unit value is price of imports and exports. These unit values are determined by the world supply and demand, it can not be affected by single country, however, there will be a serious bias if these countries supply and demand levels are totally different. The method always used to circumvent this problem is ( Hoch 1962; Mundlak 1961; Johnson 1964; Buongiorno 1978).With these method theoretical model can be expressed as: Log Dijt = ?nt=1 ai + bjLogYit + cj LogPijt + ?ijt (7) Where ai is the dummy variable assuming all the belongings to country i, and N is the number of observation. The dynamic model is more complex. Theoretical results and Monte-Carlo experiment by Nerlove (1967,1971) and Maddala have shown that ordinary least square will lead to a serious bias, one of coefficients will be biased downwards, analysis the of covariance with dummy variables will cause bias to opposite direction. A two round generalized least square will yield this problem ( Nerlove 1971 and Maddala 1971). ?ijt = uij + vit (8) 11 Where ?ijt is random over time and countries, uij is random variable from country to country, but remains constant over time, vit is time-series difference. The bj and cj are the income and price elasticity, respectively, since (6): bj=(? Dijt / Dijt )( ?Yit/ Yit) (9) cj==(? Dijt / Dijt ) (? Pijt/ Pijt) (10) By international trade, a country can increase its income by it can most cheaply produce some goods. Export expansion generates foreign exchange earnings, finances capital goods and intermediate imports, and hence induces more production (Bhagwati, 1978;Krueger 1978). Because potential markets offer greater economies of scale, the exporting economy enhances its productivity by better resource allocation and technology nnovation(Bhagwati,1978;Feder,1982; Kavoussi, 1984). Together, export expansion contributes to domestic growth. This view seems to be supported by the success of East Asia economies where, between 1960s and 1980s, rapid GDP growth followed aggressive outward-looking trade policies.(W.S. Chao& J. Buongiorno(2002)). 12 Illustration 1 1a?Net exporting country P(FOB) QD QS Domestic Supply Domestic Demand Quantity Net exports 1b?Net importing country P(CIF) QD QS Domestic Supply Domestic Demand Quantity In the model, the relationship between price and demand need to be considered.. The model assumed that for any single country import CIF or export FOB prices, they are not relative to the domestic prices, are exogenous, determined by the world demand and supply of paper products. The price of a net exporting country is the FOB price, which is decided by the world demand and supply of paper products. For a net importing country faces a symmetric situation, the import 13 price CIF, determined by the world demand and supply and by transportation costs which vary according to the country location. 14 Chapter 5 In chapter 5, the price elasticity coefficient and the income elasticity coefficient of every country are estimated. The Durbin-Watson d statistic is based on the estimated residuals, which are computed in regression analysis. It is a summary statistic used to test for autocorrelation and is reported along with other summary statistics such as R2, t ratio. Empirical Result Table 1 Country Model B Std.error t Sig. R R square DW* Agentina constant -0.6 1.298 -0.462 0.65 .732a 0.536 1.948 ln(Y) 0.403 0.091 4.43 0.01 ln(P) -0.174 0.189 -0.919 0.371 Australia constant 2.2 1.277 1.724 0.103 .529a 0.279 1.287 ln(Y) 0.076 0.16 0.471 0.043 ln(P) -0.212 0.085 -2.496 0.023 Austria constant 3.727 1.433 2.601 0.019 .800a 0.64 1.298 ln(Y) 0.333 0.066 5.072 0.02 ln(P) -0.409 0.184 -2.224 0.04 Brazil constant 0.948 1.293 0.733 0.473 .714a 0.509 1.408 ln(Y) 0.689 0.203 3.4 0.003 ln(P) -0.574 0.371 -1.548 0.14 Canada constant -3.401 9.595 -0.354 0.727 .801a 0.64 2.107 ln(Y) 0.732 0.601 1.218 0.24 ln(P) -0.257 1.673 -0.154 0.88 China constant -0.155 0.755 -0.205 0.84 .983a 0.966 1.785 15 ln(Y) 0.61 0.029 20.793 0.01 ln(P) -0.145 0.126 -1.153 0.265 Czec Rep constant -0.6 1.298 -0.462 0.65 .732a 0.536 1.927 ln(Y) 0.403 0.091 4.43 0.02 ln(P) -0.174 0.189 -0.919 0.011 Denmark constant 3.407 1.115 3.055 0.087 .853a 0.728 1.948 ln(Y) 0.526 0.086 6.126 0.05 ln(P) -0.68 0.146 -4.658 0.132 EGYPT constant -4.582 1.991 -2.301 0.034 .842a 0.71 1.785 ln(Y) 0.95 0.157 6.038 0.004 ln(P) -0.035 0.203 -0.17 0.046 Finland constant 0.234 2.708 0.086 0.932 .713a 0.509 1.927 ln(Y) 0.679 0.184 3.696 0.002 ln(P) -0.309 0.482 -0.642 0.053 India constant 0.579 1.453 0.398 0.695 .839a 0.704 1.745 ln(Y) 0.641 0.121 5.296 0.003 ln(P) -0.402 0.126 -3.189 0.005 Indonesia constant -1.889 1.071 -1.764 0.096 .897a 0.805 1.759 ln(Y) 0.7 0.088 7.988 0.02 ln(P) -0.301 0.131 -2.301 0.034 Ireland constant -6.209 1.774 -3.501 0.003 .844a 0.712 1.272 ln(Y) 0.878 0.152 5.783 0.004 ln(P) 0.011 0.317 0.033 0.974 Italy constant -0.774 1.689 -0.458 0.653 .881a 0.776 1.758 ln(Y) 0.483 0.063 7.668 0.05 ln(P) -0.197 0.255 -0.771 0.451 Japan constant -1.023 1.008 -1.015 0.324 .778a 0.605 1.651 ln(Y) 0.558 0.11 5.072 0.032 ln(P) -0.343 0.152 -2.253 0.038 Malaysia constant 5.063 0.606 8.357 0.002 .711a 0.506 1.213 ln(Y) 0.034 0.065 0.528 0.605 ln(P) -0.201 0.059 -3.405 0.003 Mexico constant 5.638 3.176 1.775 0.094 .695a 0.483 1.979 ln(Y) 0.139 0.106 1.313 0.207 ln(P) -0.883 0.406 -2.177 0.044 16 a. Predictors: (Constant), Ln(P), Ln(Y) b. * DW significant at the 0.01 level. To be more exact, assume that we want to find how ?near? is the estimated coefficient to the real coefficient. The confidence intervals are known as the confidence limits (also known as critical values), note that in practice ? and 1- ? are often expressed in percentage forms as 100? and 100(1-?)percent. An interval estimator, in contrast to a point estimator, is an interval New Zealand constant -2.867 1.778 -1.612 0.125 .709a 0.502 1.287 ln(Y) 0.847 0.227 3.729 0.002 ln(P) -0.301 0.336 -0.894 0.384 Norway constant 9.056 1.791 5.057 0.011 .613a 0.376 1.298 ln(Y) 0.053 0.147 0.362 0.722 ln(P) -0.789 0.302 -2.61 0.018 Republic of KOREA constant -0.433 2.165 -0.2 0.844 .884a 0.781 1.958 ln(Y) 0.949 0.123 7.717 0.002 ln(P) -0.859 0.313 -2.743 0.014 Singapore constant -0.97 0.744 -1.303 0.21 .937a 0.879 1.745 ln(Y) 0.647 0.059 11.052 0.007 ln(P) -0.074 0.075 -0.989 0.337 UK constant 0.741 1.634 0.454 0.656 .717a 0.514 1.948 ln(Y) 0.355 0.088 4.051 0.001 ln(P) -0.145 0.198 -0.733 0.073 USA constant 16.092 2.82 5.706 0.003 .802a 0.643 1.256 ln(Y) 0.773 0.151 5.106 0.002 ln(P) -0.712 0.382 -1.865 0.008 17 constructed in such a manner that it has a specified probability 1- ? of including within its limits the true value of the parameter. For Argentina, The income coefficient 0.403 is significant at the 1% level. For Australia, both the income and price coefficients 0.076 and -0.212 are significant at 5% level. For Austria, both the income and price coefficients 0.333 and -0.409 are significant at 5% level. For Brazil, income coefficient 0.689 is significant at the 1% level. For China, the income coefficient 0.61 is significant at the 1% level. For Czech, the income coefficient 0.403 is significant at the 5% level, the price coefficient -0.174 is significant at 1% level. For Denmark, the income coefficient 0.526 is significant at 5% level. For Egypt, the income coefficient 0.95 is significant at 1% level, and the price coefficient -0.035 is significant at 5% level. For Finland, the income and price coefficients 0.679 is significant at 1% level, and the price coefficient -0.309 is significant at 5% level. For India, both the income and price coefficients 0.641 and -0.402 are significant at 1% level. For Indonesia, both the income and price coefficients 0.7 and -0.301 are significant at 5% level. For Ireland, the income coefficient 0.878 is significant at 1% level. For Italy, The income coefficient 0.878 is significant at the 1% level, but the price coefficient is not very good. For Japan, both the income and price coefficient 0.558,-0.343 are significant at 5% level. For Malaysia, the price coefficient -0.201 is significant at 1% level. For Mexico, the price coefficient -0.883 is significant at 5% level. For New Zealand, the income coefficient 0.847 is significant at 1% level. For Norway, the price coefficient -0.789 is significant at 5% level. For Korea, both the income and price coefficients 18 0.949 and -0.859 are significant at 1% level. For Singapore, the income coefficient 0.647 is significant at 1% level. For UK, the income coefficient 0.355 is significant at 1% level. For United States, both the income and price coefficients 0.773 and -0.712 are significant at 1% level. The traditional test for the presence of first-order autocorrelation is the d statistic The DW- test: D = For this model,DL=0.863, DU=1.271. It?s under the 0.01 level of significance. For a lot of countries except Malaysia and USA, all other countries? d had the same condition: DU z] Mean of X Constant -1.81469844 .79890836 -2.271 .0231 LNY .66351579 .05270534 12.589 .0000 9.21195644 LNP -.16032241 .07543456 -2.125 .0336 6.56092276 . From the result, it?s obvious that the income elasticity is positive, when the income is increasing; the demand for the paper is also increasing, it means when people have much more money they will consume more products. On the contrast, the price of product has the opposite effects on the demand of the paper products. For Brazil (0.689, -0.574), Finland (0.679, -0.309), India (0.641,-0.402), Indonesia (0.7,- 0.301), New Zealand (0.847,-0.301), Republic of Korea (0.949,-0.859), USA (0.773,-0.712), the 20 income elasticities are much larger than other countries, at the same time, their price elasticities are large too. This means that these countries? elasticities are more sensitive. Singapore (0.647,- 0.074), China (0.61, -0.145), Ireland (0.878, -0.011), Egypt (0.95, -0.035), for these four countries, the income elasticities are very substantial, but the price elasticities are not so large. It means the demand for the paper production is relative fixed; it?s not easily affected by the world price. In fact, these four countries are not important import countries. So their price elasticities of demand are not large. For all these countries, the income elasticity of each country is larger than the absolute value of price elasticity. It means that the incomes affection on demand is more substantial than price?s changing?s effect. Fix-effects model and Random-effects Models Do the elasticity differences across countries translate into differences in the constant term of the model across countries or fifferences in the random error across countries? If the former is the case, the ?fixed effects? statistical model (essentially a LSDV model) is best; if the latter is the case the ?random-effectc? statistical model (essentially a GLS model specifying a specific but complicated form of heterodscedasticity)is more suitable 21 Table 3 Hypothesis Tests of models Likelihood Ratio Test F Tests Chi-squared d.f. Prob. F num. denom. P value (2) vs (1) 816.839 22 P<0 .000001 50.558 22 1293 P <0.00001 (3) vs (1) 706.329 2 P<0 .000001 466.374 2 1313 P <0 .00001 (4) vs (1) 1071.454 24 P<0 .000001 67.633 24 1291 P <0 .00001 |(4) vs (2) 254.615 2 P<0 .000001 137.789 2 1291 P<0 .00001 |(4) vs (3) 365.125 22 P<0 .000001 18.764 22 1291 P<0 .00001 |(5) vs (4) 4.617 19 P=0 .99968 0 .235 19 1272 P =0 .99974 |(5) vs (3) 369.741 42 .00000 9.825 42 1272 P<0 .00001 (1) Constant term only (2)Group effects only (3) X - variables only (4) X and group effects (5) X independent & time effects 22 Table 4 Least Squares with Group and Period Effects (Two ways Fixed-effect Model) Variable Coefficient Standard Error b/St.Er. P[|Z|>z]| Mean of X LNY 0 .59949009 0 .03969378 15.103 P< 0.0001 9.21195644 LNP -0.22969934 0 .05545553 -4.142 P<0.0001 6.56092276 Constant -0.76971977 0.53463248 -1.440 P=0 .1499 The coefficient of LNY is the income elasticity, and the coefficient of LNP is the price elasticity. Table 5 Two-Way Random Effects Model Variable Coefficient Standard Error b/St.Er. P[|Z|>z] Mean of X LNY .59876559 .03444767 17.382 .0000 9.21195644 LNP -.23706910 .05393498 -4.395 .0000 6.56092276 Constant -.69992540 .48936791 -1.430 .1526 The coefficient of LNY is the income elasticity, and the coefficient of LNP is the price elasticity. 23 Hausman test We have two estimators for b: b0 and b1. Under the null hypothesis, both of these estimators are consistent, but b1 is efficient (has the smallest asymptotic variance), at least in the class of estimators containing b0. Under the alternative hypothesis, b0 is consistent, whereas b1 isn?t. Then the Hausman statistic is: where ? denotes the Moore?Penrose pseudoinverse. This statistic has asymptotically the chi- squared distribution with the number of degrees of freedom equal to the rank of matrix Var(b0) ? Var(b1). Fixed vs. Random Effects (Hausman) = 0.45. (2df, prob values = 0.800471) Low values of H favor Random Effects Model. Implying that the Random effects model is best. From this model it is clear that the international demand for paper id both income and price inelastic. Differences in demand between countries caused by variables other than price or GDP were also represented with a random effects model (Greene 1997), known as the error components model (Hsiao 1986).Indeed, ?whether to treat the effects as fixed or random is not an easy question to answer? (Hsiao 1986). Here, given that the countries used are a small part of the 24 whole existing countries, the random effect model may seem more appropriate. In the random effect approach, cross-sectional heterogeneity was allowed through the random term rather than through the constant. The possible synergy of exports and economic growth continues to fascinate economists (Frankel and Romer,1999).However, whether economics growth is exogenous or endogenous or whether growth and trade nurture each other is still unclear. They have the simplicity of form and economy of assumption needed to serve in the Global Forest Production Model (Tomberlin et al.,1998) and other similar. However, this simplicity comes at a cost in forecasting accuracy which mighty be improved with other functional forms and additional explanatory variables. Differences in elasticity may be attributable to differences in output substitution, capacity utilization, growth trends, retail orientation, and price volatility as noted previously. Elasticity estimates in the present analysis may also be compared with estimates from earlier published studies. Such comparisons can be difficult because of differences in maintained assumption, definition of inputs and outputs, estimation procedures, and time periods. Furthermore, the method increases considerably the number of observations available and makes possible the modeling of short-term dynamics of demand. Because of rapid changes in the world economy, analyses of dynamics of demand in the short to medium term are necessary complements of the usual long-term studies (FAO).Therefore; one of the two models proposed is dynamic, allowing a distinction between long-term and short-term elasticities. The results show that the response of paper and paperboard demand to changes in economic conditions is 25 generally spread over several years. They also indicate that prices play a significant role in the determination of demand, both in rich and poor countries. 26 Chapter 6 Conclusion Comparing with other industries, for example, the high-tech industry, it?s easy to findthe paper industries almost has little response to the change of income. When doing the dynamic models for newspaper, the failure leads the elasticity extremely biased. The dynamic elasticity has the character as static model. The reason is that there are large differences among countries. The elasticities for the printing and writing paper, other paper and paperboard are unbiased. The conclusion for the paper product is that the prices are exogenous, single country?s changing in price and demand will not affect the whole market so significantly. For each product, year and country, amount demanded was defined by obvious consumption (production +imports-exports). Data on markets are not available, which raises the difficulty of pure time-series within countries. The data on production, imports and exports were obtained from the FAOSTAT database (Bintang C.H.Simangunsong & Joseph Buongiorno (2001)). Although the estimated elasticities for each country should be unbiased, they had large variances, so much so that all but two of the mean elasticities across countries were not significantly different from zero. Although the short time-series obtainable, the lack of domestic price statistics for paper and paperboard, it seems we can obtain long-term and short-term income and price elasticities which approved in theoretical expectations. The method proposed 27 consists of pooling time-series across countries and using unit values of imports and exports as price indices. For newsprint both static and dynamic models can be used, but the elasticities must be regarded as long-term one. The statistical tests supported the LSDV and the error-component models, suggesting that even after the effects of prices and income were taken into account, the differences between countries were too large for pooled OLS. To obtain the correct theoretical signs those are so important to perform meaningful policy analysis with multi-country models. The world prices are exogenous with respect to demand and supply within any single country could be released, and a simultaneous supply and demand model formulated instead, but such refinements depend on considerable improvements regarding the quantity and quality of international forest industries data. In particular there is an urgent need to collect domestic price data consistent with the groups of products for which production and trade statistics are now available. 28 References Books: Anthony B.Perkins & Michael C. Perkins. The internet bubble. HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.1999 Howard E. Doran. Applied Regression Analysis in Econometrics. Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1989 Walter Enders. Applied Econometric Time Series.John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1995 Howard Baetijer.Jr. Software as capital, The institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.1998 Dale W. Jorgenson and Kun-Young Yun. Investment Volume 3.MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England.1996 C.Zeelenberg. Industrial Price Formation. Elsevier Science Publishing Company.Inc,1986 Walter Enders. Applied Econometric Time Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004 Albert M.Levenson and Babette S.Solon. Essential Price Theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Inc. 1971 Damodar N. Gujarati. Basic Econometrics. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995 29 Papers: Mariana Spatareanu. The Cost of Capital, Finance and High-tech Investment. International Review of Applied Economics Vol.22, No.6, November 2008, 693-705. Bintang C.H. Simangunsong & Joseph Buongiorno (2001): International Demand Equations for Forest Products: A Comparison of Methods. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 16:2, 155-172 Joseph Buongiorno. Income and Price Elasticities in the World Demand for Paper and Paperboard. Forest Science. Vol24,NO 2, 1978, pp. 231-246 M.L.Chas-Amil & J.Buongiorno(2000): The demand for paper and paperboard:econometric models for the European Union, Applied Economics,32:8, 987-999 W.S.Chao & J.Buongiorno(2002): Exports and growth: A Causality Analysis for the Pulp and Paper Industries based on International Panel Data. Applied Economics, 34:1, 1-13 Software and Web Limdep, IBM Spass Statistics, MS WORD ,MS EXCEL, SAS 9.2, World Bank, United Nation, FAO STATISTICS, Wikipedia 30 APPENDIX Data Table 1 Argentina Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 6 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 0 1 7 6 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 6 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 6 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 7 5 9 2 3 6 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 6 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 8 1 7 5 8 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 6 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 . 5 5 0 4 2 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 5 . 2 0 9 6 9 6 1991 2 . 7 5 2 3 2 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 5 . 2 8 3 1 1992 2 . 8 0 2 4 3 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 5 7 9 0 9 1 1993 2 . 7 9 9 0 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 4 8 4 5 3 1 1994 2 . 8 5 8 8 4 9 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 4 3 1 4 8 5 1995 2 . 8 1 3 6 8 2 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 7 . 0 7 2 9 8 5 1996 2 . 7 6 5 3 6 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 7 . 4 1 9 4 1 2 1997 3 . 0 4 8 7 1 7 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 7 . 5 7 2 0 5 9 1998 2 . 7 5 3 1 2 3 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 7 9 5 8 3 2 1999 2 . 8 8 2 2 2 7 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 6 2 4 1 9 4 2000 2 . 9 3 8 8 2 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 5 5 9 2 6 2 2001 2 . 9 0 5 3 4 3 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 8 4 7 7 8 2002 2 . 9 3 4 9 1 5 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 2 3 8 7 2 4 2003 2 . 8 0 2 5 7 4 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 1 1 1 2 6 2004 2 . 9 5 3 9 2 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 8 5 8 8 7 6 2005 3 . 3 7 1 4 9 3 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 9 3 3 3 5 6 2006 3 . 1 7 4 0 8 8 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 7 9 7 0 3 5 2007 3 . 1 5 7 3 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 9 1 4 9 1 5 2008 3 . 4 3 1 8 7 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 7 . 6 4 3 8 4 4 2009 3 . 3 0 7 6 2 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 0 2 1 6 1 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 3 5 8 0 3 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 7 0 0 1 1 6 1991 1 . 3 9 5 7 9 4 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 7 0 0 1 1 6 1992 1 . 9 8 7 8 9 6 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 8 4 4 8 9 1 1993 2 . 1 2 5 0 1 1 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 7 3 4 5 5 2 1994 2 . 2 8 0 7 3 4 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 6 6 0 8 2 4 1995 2 . 0 1 2 3 1 3 8 . 0 9 6 4 1 7 . 1 1 9 9 3 6 1996 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 7 . 1 7 1 3 2 1997 1 . 9 9 7 5 4 3 9 . 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 9 2 1 8 8 3 1998 2 . 6 6 2 5 7 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 8 5 3 5 1 6 1999 2 . 5 0 0 9 9 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 7 8 6 3 0 8 2000 2 . 8 6 3 2 7 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 8 4 7 2 5 4 2001 2 . 4 8 8 2 1 4 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 8 2 5 3 9 5 2002 2 . 4 9 4 4 0 6 7 . 9 0 7 0 4 6 . 7 4 3 3 9 6 2003 2 . 7 7 5 8 . 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 6 1 6 6 5 5 2004 2 . 9 3 4 6 8 3 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 6 1 7 6 5 8 2005 3 . 0 4 7 6 4 5 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 6 8 5 9 1 9 2006 2 . 6 1 2 6 4 6 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 7 9 2 4 4 5 2007 2 . 7 8 5 6 3 1 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 8 1 4 0 3 9 2008 3 . 2 9 9 3 4 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 9 6 4 2 4 5 2009 2 . 8 4 4 8 8 9 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 8 8 1 5 5 2 31 2 Australia Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 8 4 2 0 0 4 9 . 9 7 0 1 1 8 6 . 4 2 4 4 4 8 1991 2 . 8 9 0 3 7 2 1 0 . 0 0 2 2 5 6 . 4 4 1 2 2 9 1992 3 . 7 3 7 6 7 1 0 . 1 1 9 0 8 6 . 3 6 1 4 0 1 1993 3 . 9 4 3 7 7 6 1 0 . 0 7 5 2 5 6 . 1 8 8 0 9 2 1994 4 . 0 1 3 6 0 2 1 0 . 1 4 1 5 2 6 . 4 5 2 8 3 7 1995 3 . 8 3 7 8 6 9 1 0 . 3 0 8 8 2 6 . 6 6 1 9 8 8 1996 3 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 1 0 . 2 9 0 9 2 6 . 3 0 0 3 2 1 1997 3 . 4 8 4 0 0 4 1 0 . 1 6 8 6 2 6 . 2 4 5 1 6 1 1998 3 . 6 3 3 0 3 9 1 0 . 1 9 3 3 5 6 . 3 5 1 8 5 7 1999 3 . 7 4 9 9 5 1 0 . 1 8 6 0 3 6 . 3 0 0 3 8 2000 3 . 5 6 9 8 6 1 0 . 0 8 4 7 3 6 . 1 5 6 5 3 6 2001 3 . 5 6 9 8 6 1 0 . 0 7 8 7 8 6 . 3 0 8 2 3 5 2002 3 . 3 9 8 8 4 6 1 0 . 1 5 3 2 3 6 . 2 4 6 9 3 4 2003 3 . 3 5 0 0 5 6 1 0 . 3 5 0 8 3 6 . 2 8 1 8 8 5 2004 3 . 3 1 4 8 4 7 1 0 . 4 8 1 5 6 . 3 1 5 5 3 5 2005 3 . 3 2 4 7 3 8 1 0 . 5 1 9 8 3 6 . 3 5 8 1 6 8 2006 3 . 4 5 6 6 6 5 1 0 . 5 7 7 3 6 . 4 6 2 4 4 4 2007 3 . 8 7 5 7 7 1 0 . 7 1 8 4 3 6 . 5 2 8 4 5 9 2008 3 . 5 2 4 4 7 1 1 0 . 8 1 3 3 4 6 . 6 1 4 2 4 2009 3 . 2 0 9 7 6 3 1 0 . 7 2 8 5 6 . 5 9 2 5 1 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 6 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 0 1 7 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 7 5 9 2 3 6 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 6 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 8 1 7 5 8 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 6 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 4 3 2 1 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 0 1 7 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 7 5 9 2 3 6 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 6 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 8 1 7 5 8 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 6 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 32 3 Austria Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Pape Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 8 4 2 0 0 4 9 . 9 7 0 1 1 8 6 . 4 2 4 4 4 8 1991 2 . 8 9 0 3 7 2 1 0 . 0 0 2 2 5 6 . 4 4 1 2 2 9 1992 3 . 7 3 7 6 7 1 0 . 1 1 9 0 8 6 . 3 6 1 4 0 1 1993 3 . 9 4 3 7 7 6 1 0 . 0 7 5 2 5 6 . 1 8 8 0 9 2 1994 4 . 0 1 3 6 0 2 1 0 . 1 4 1 5 2 6 . 4 5 2 8 3 7 1995 3 . 8 3 7 8 6 9 1 0 . 3 0 8 8 2 6 . 6 6 1 9 8 8 1996 3 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 1 0 . 2 9 0 9 2 6 . 3 0 0 3 2 1 1997 3 . 4 8 4 0 0 4 1 0 . 1 6 8 6 2 6 . 2 4 5 1 6 1 1998 3 . 6 3 3 0 3 9 1 0 . 1 9 3 3 5 6 . 3 5 1 8 5 7 1999 3 . 7 4 9 9 5 1 0 . 1 8 6 0 3 6 . 3 0 0 3 8 2000 3 . 5 6 9 8 6 1 0 . 0 8 4 7 3 6 . 1 5 6 5 3 6 2001 3 . 5 6 9 8 6 1 0 . 0 7 8 7 8 6 . 3 0 8 2 3 5 2002 3 . 3 9 8 8 4 6 1 0 . 1 5 3 2 3 6 . 2 4 6 9 3 4 2003 3 . 3 5 0 0 5 6 1 0 . 3 5 0 8 3 6 . 2 8 1 8 8 5 2004 3 . 3 1 4 8 4 7 1 0 . 4 8 1 5 6 . 3 1 5 5 3 5 2005 3 . 3 2 4 7 3 8 1 0 . 5 1 9 8 3 6 . 3 5 8 1 6 8 2006 3 . 4 5 6 6 6 5 1 0 . 5 7 7 3 6 . 4 6 2 4 4 4 2007 3 . 8 7 5 7 7 1 0 . 7 1 8 4 3 6 . 5 2 8 4 5 9 2008 3 . 5 2 4 4 7 1 1 0 . 8 1 3 3 4 6 . 6 1 4 2 4 2009 3 . 2 0 9 7 6 3 1 0 . 7 2 8 5 6 . 5 9 2 5 1 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 4 3 2 1 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 1 7 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 6 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 6 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 5 9 2 3 6 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 1 7 5 8 6 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 7 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 6 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 0 1 7 6 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 6 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 6 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 7 5 9 2 3 6 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 6 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 8 1 7 5 8 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 6 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 33 4 Brail Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 0 .5 9 5 3 3 1 8 .0 3 4 9 5 5 6 .2 3 2 7 5 3 1991 0 .8 5 4 2 2 8 7 .8 9 2 4 5 2 6 .2 2 8 7 2 6 1992 0 .4 3 3 8 4 7 .8 3 4 7 8 8 6 .3 5 4 1 2 8 1993 0 .6 8 2 7 6 7 7 .9 3 4 5 1 3 6 .1 0 3 6 6 2 1994 1 .0 2 0 3 8 8 .1 3 9 4 4 1 6 .0 8 8 3 7 1995 1 .2 0 8 2 4 4 8 .4 6 6 1 1 6 .8 3 0 0 0 3 1996 1 .2 0 3 5 7 5 8 .5 3 8 7 5 9 6 .5 1 4 1 2 2 1997 1 .3 2 3 2 6 3 8 .5 6 0 4 4 4 6 .1 4 4 4 6 8 1998 1 .2 4 7 8 2 3 8 .5 1 3 3 8 6 6 .2 7 1 9 4 5 1999 1 .1 3 4 9 7 2 8 .1 3 5 3 4 7 6 .1 0 8 4 0 2 2000 1 .2 1 7 5 1 8 8 .2 1 5 0 0 6 6 .2 2 3 9 9 1 2001 0 .9 9 1 8 7 1 8 .0 4 8 7 8 8 6 .3 6 8 1 8 1 2002 0 .9 4 7 5 2 5 7 .9 4 1 6 5 1 6 .0 7 0 7 8 4 2003 0 .7 6 0 4 1 3 8 .0 2 0 2 7 6 .0 7 0 7 8 4 2004 0 .7 3 7 9 2 8 8 .1 9 1 4 6 3 6 .4 9 0 8 9 1 2005 0 .9 9 0 3 8 8 8 .4 6 4 4 2 5 6 .3 2 9 4 2 6 2006 1 .0 3 9 1 1 2 8 .6 6 4 4 0 6 6 .4 2 5 4 4 8 2007 1 .0 3 5 6 2 3 8 .8 8 1 4 2 6 .4 1 1 9 6 6 2008 1 .2 2 2 1 2 3 9 .0 6 2 7 6 8 6 .4 7 3 6 1 9 2009 0 .9 4 5 1 0 3 9 .0 1 8 0 9 6 .3 6 7 3 2 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 7 1 7 7 2 5 8 . 0 3 4 9 5 5 6 . 0 2 5 0 5 1991 2 . 6 8 3 2 6 3 7 . 8 9 2 4 5 2 6 . 1 9 8 0 5 9 1992 2 . 6 7 7 5 2 7 7 . 8 3 4 7 8 8 6 . 1 2 2 5 4 2 1993 2 . 7 2 1 9 0 3 7 . 9 3 4 5 1 3 6 . 1 5 8 9 7 7 1994 2 . 7 3 4 1 9 9 8 . 1 3 9 4 4 1 6 . 2 9 2 3 3 7 1995 2 . 9 3 7 8 0 9 8 . 4 6 6 1 1 6 . 7 2 0 8 1 4 1996 2 . 9 0 6 2 6 8 . 5 3 8 7 5 9 6 . 4 7 9 6 3 1997 3 . 1 3 0 9 5 8 . 5 6 0 4 4 4 6 . 4 3 5 7 1 2 1998 3 . 1 1 9 8 1 6 8 . 5 1 3 3 8 6 6 . 3 8 2 6 2 2 1999 2 . 9 4 0 7 2 7 8 . 1 3 5 3 4 7 6 . 2 9 6 0 5 6 2000 2 . 9 8 6 1 1 8 . 2 1 5 0 0 6 6 . 2 7 6 4 7 7 2001 3 . 1 1 5 2 9 8 . 0 4 8 7 8 8 6 . 1 0 4 2 0 6 2002 3 . 2 2 3 3 3 7 . 9 4 1 6 5 1 6 . 2 6 3 0 3 3 2003 3 . 1 8 6 4 6 2 8 . 0 2 0 2 7 6 . 0 5 4 6 2 2004 3 . 2 5 9 5 6 9 8 . 1 9 1 4 6 3 6 . 1 4 7 1 4 2005 3 . 3 1 3 7 2 7 8 . 4 6 4 4 2 5 6 . 2 8 9 5 0 4 2006 3 . 2 9 1 6 2 8 8 . 6 6 4 4 0 6 6 . 4 2 2 4 0 9 2007 3 . 3 4 2 6 2 4 8 . 8 8 1 4 2 6 . 5 5 4 4 7 4 2008 3 . 3 7 2 4 6 3 9 . 0 6 2 7 6 8 6 . 7 2 4 8 8 2009 3 . 2 5 9 5 6 9 9 . 0 1 8 0 9 6 . 5 5 0 8 8 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 6 2 3 3 9 3 8 . 0 3 4 9 5 5 6 . 6 6 5 0 6 2 1991 1 . 5 9 3 8 4 5 7 . 8 9 2 4 5 2 6 . 6 6 4 0 6 5 1992 1 . 5 9 9 7 4 1 7 . 8 3 4 7 8 8 6 . 4 7 8 0 3 8 1993 1 . 7 7 5 1 9 8 7 . 9 3 4 5 1 3 6 . 3 7 4 6 6 7 1994 1 . 9 4 0 5 2 3 8 . 1 3 9 4 4 1 6 . 4 3 4 6 3 8 1995 1 . 9 0 2 7 1 1 8 . 4 6 6 1 1 6 . 7 4 8 0 9 8 1996 1 . 9 4 7 4 4 2 8 . 5 3 8 7 5 9 6 . 8 4 5 8 8 1997 2 . 0 3 7 3 7 8 . 5 6 0 4 4 4 6 . 5 3 4 8 2 7 1998 1 . 7 5 2 2 8 8 . 5 1 3 3 8 6 6 . 5 1 3 8 4 2 1999 2 . 2 2 3 7 2 8 . 1 3 5 3 4 7 6 . 4 5 0 6 4 7 2000 2 . 3 2 8 1 4 8 8 . 2 1 5 0 0 6 6 . 6 0 5 6 5 2001 2 . 3 1 7 8 8 . 0 4 8 7 8 8 6 . 5 3 1 4 5 2002 2 . 2 1 3 7 6 8 7 . 9 4 1 6 5 1 6 . 5 0 9 2 5 4 2003 2 . 1 3 4 6 9 8 . 0 2 0 2 7 6 . 4 7 1 2 9 4 2004 2 . 2 1 4 2 9 8 8 . 1 9 1 4 6 3 6 . 4 9 7 6 3 1 2005 . 2 2 0 4 3 8 . 4 6 4 4 2 5 6 . 5 4 0 7 0 6 2006 2 . 3 7 0 4 7 6 8 . 6 6 4 4 0 6 6 . 6 5 0 9 1 2007 2 . 4 0 4 3 5 9 8 . 8 8 1 4 2 6 . 7 5 0 4 2008 2 . 3 7 1 9 8 9 . 0 6 2 7 6 8 6 . 8 5 5 1 1 1 2009 2 . 3 0 1 6 6 9 . 0 1 8 0 9 6 . 7 1 3 6 7 4 34 5 Canada Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 3 0 0 3 9 5 9 . 9 5 0 7 5 3 6 . 3 6 0 0 3 2 1991 2 . 4 8 1 8 9 9 9 . 9 6 3 3 5 9 6 . 3 9 2 4 1 5 1992 2 . 0 4 0 4 4 6 9 . 9 1 9 3 6 1 6 . 3 0 8 0 9 1 1993 1 . 4 6 6 4 0 3 9 . 8 8 0 6 7 9 6 . 2 5 7 4 1 8 1994 0 . 9 8 4 5 3 5 9 . 8 7 2 5 1 3 6 . 1 8 6 7 3 1 1995 0 . 8 0 8 6 4 4 9 . 9 0 9 3 2 1 6 . 4 9 4 2 7 1996 2 . 4 7 7 8 0 2 9 . 9 3 7 1 6 4 6 . 4 8 4 7 3 4 1997 2 . 5 2 0 3 6 1 9 . 9 6 4 5 8 3 6 . 3 2 0 4 8 6 1998 3 . 2 6 5 9 2 9 9 . 9 2 2 8 6 . 3 7 3 4 4 2 1999 3 . 3 3 5 3 9 8 9 . 9 8 4 1 9 2 6 . 2 6 2 6 0 7 2000 3 . 0 9 2 2 3 7 1 0 . 0 6 7 3 1 6 . 3 2 1 9 2 9 2001 2 . 9 0 8 7 0 5 1 0 . 0 4 3 9 9 6 . 3 6 5 6 9 2 2002 2 . 3 6 5 4 3 9 1 0 . 0 6 1 5 6 6 . 2 0 5 6 9 1 2003 2 . 0 2 4 0 9 1 0 . 2 1 5 9 2 6 . 1 8 5 8 7 9 2004 2 . 7 3 7 9 3 4 1 0 . 3 4 2 1 3 6 . 2 7 2 4 2005 2 . 7 0 7 6 8 6 1 0 . 4 6 5 6 1 6 . 3 8 5 1 0 4 2006 2 . 6 0 2 5 3 8 1 0 . 5 7 5 4 6 6 . 4 6 8 7 1 7 2007 2 . 9 7 1 0 8 3 1 0 . 6 7 3 2 5 6 . 4 2 8 4 0 6 2008 2 . 1 7 2 2 4 7 1 0 . 7 1 6 8 6 6 . 5 4 8 1 2 8 2009 2 . 6 6 3 5 3 7 1 0 . 5 8 7 6 9 6 . 4 3 8 5 1 4 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 0 1 2 4 2 2 9 . 9 5 0 7 5 3 6 . 3 0 7 8 6 1 1991 . 4 1 2 8 7 2 . 9 6 3 3 5 9 6 . 3 6 5 5 1 3 1992 3 . 3 2 3 7 8 4 9 . 9 1 9 3 6 1 6 . 3 0 7 9 9 6 1993 3 . 2 2 1 8 6 5 9 . 8 8 0 6 7 9 6 . 2 3 2 2 6 7 1994 3 . 3 7 2 0 0 6 9 . 8 7 2 5 1 3 6 . 2 5 6 8 6 7 1995 3 . 7 0 0 5 9 7 9 . 9 0 9 3 2 1 6 . 5 8 0 8 3 2 1996 3 . 6 8 7 0 3 9 9 . 9 3 7 1 6 4 6 . 4 3 1 7 5 7 1997 3 . 9 9 7 3 4 9 . 9 6 4 5 8 3 6 . 4 8 4 1 8 2 1998 3 . 7 2 5 1 8 3 9 . 9 2 2 8 6 . 2 8 5 4 5 5 1999 3 . 8 0 1 3 6 3 9 . 9 8 4 1 9 2 6 . 2 8 5 7 5 2 2000 3 . 8 9 4 2 0 1 1 0 . 0 6 7 3 1 6 . 3 3 7 6 5 7 2001 3 . 7 6 5 6 0 2 1 0 . 0 4 3 9 9 6 . 4 0 5 8 1 1 2002 3 . 8 1 5 6 8 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 5 6 6 . 3 6 4 9 5 9 2003 3 . 7 4 6 9 6 3 1 0 . 2 1 5 9 2 6 . 3 9 2 8 3 6 2004 3 . 9 7 5 6 0 4 1 0 . 3 4 2 1 3 6 . 4 5 9 3 0 2 2005 3 . 9 0 7 1 5 1 0 . 4 6 5 6 1 6 . 5 0 0 0 8 7 2006 3 . 9 6 2 1 3 6 1 0 . 5 7 5 4 6 6 . 5 7 6 4 6 2 2007 . 5 9 9 8 6 1 0 . 6 7 3 2 5 6 . 8 6 9 5 3 5 2008 3 . 9 9 3 4 7 9 1 0 . 7 1 6 8 6 6 . 7 7 0 0 4 7 2009 3 . 8 1 6 5 5 1 1 0 . 5 8 7 6 9 6 . 7 2 2 1 4 4 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 7 2 9 1 7 4 9 . 9 5 0 7 5 3 6 . 6 5 4 0 8 4 1991 3 . 4 7 8 9 2 5 9 . 9 6 3 3 5 9 6 . 5 7 6 1 0 5 1992 3 . 6 9 2 0 0 3 . 9 1 9 3 6 1 6 . 5 7 7 9 5 5 1993 3 . 7 5 9 1 6 9 9 . 8 8 0 6 7 9 6 . 5 5 7 2 3 4 1994 3 . 8 8 6 3 8 3 9 . 8 7 2 5 1 3 6 . 5 6 5 6 6 8 1995 4 . 3 2 6 2 6 4 9 . 9 0 9 3 2 1 6 . 8 6 4 9 1 2 1996 4 . 2 5 2 3 3 4 9 . 9 3 7 1 6 4 6 . 8 0 1 9 7 5 1997 4 . 3 1 2 4 1 6 9 . 9 6 4 5 8 3 6 . 7 1 2 4 4 3 1998 4 . 4 3 3 3 3 3 9 . 9 2 2 8 6 . 6 5 2 1 4 9 1999 4 . 4 3 4 8 1 1 9 . 9 8 4 1 9 2 6 . 8 0 9 1 5 6 2000 4 . 5 6 5 8 8 1 1 0 . 0 6 7 3 1 6 . 7 0 3 4 7 4 2001 4 . 5 6 9 9 4 2 0 . 0 4 3 9 9 6 . 7 1 1 1 7 5 2002 4 . 5 2 8 7 4 9 1 0 . 0 6 1 5 6 6 . 5 9 7 3 1 5 2003 4 . 5 4 9 1 1 9 1 0 . 2 1 5 9 2 6 . 5 9 1 3 3 2004 4 . 7 2 5 9 1 7 1 0 . 3 4 2 1 3 6 . 5 6 5 9 6 6 2005 4 . 8 1 5 7 8 8 1 0 . 4 6 5 6 1 6 . 6 4 8 0 7 4 2006 4 . 7 3 6 4 2 4 1 0 . 5 7 5 4 6 6 . 6 8 4 6 9 7 2007 4 . 5 2 8 8 8 3 1 0 . 6 7 3 2 5 6 . 6 7 2 8 1 3 2008 4 . 7 3 0 0 4 7 1 0 . 7 1 6 8 6 6 . 8 0 4 7 2 2 2009 4 . 5 0 6 8 1 7 1 0 . 5 8 7 6 9 6 . 7 5 1 3 5 3 35 6 China Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 2 5 5 6 1 6 5 . 7 4 9 3 9 3 6 . 5 0 3 5 0 2 1991 2 . 3 3 7 8 3 4 5 . 7 9 9 0 9 3 6 . 4 1 9 4 8 1 1992 2 . 4 4 6 1 7 9 5 . 8 9 4 4 0 3 6 . 3 2 3 6 5 4 1993 2 . 7 1 5 0 5 8 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 6 . 1 6 5 3 4 6 1994 2 . 7 8 9 2 6 . 1 5 0 6 0 3 6 . 3 4 8 2 2 7 1995 2 . 8 9 7 5 2 5 6 . 4 0 3 5 7 4 6 . 5 9 7 1 5 9 1996 2 . 9 8 3 2 7 9 6 . 5 5 5 3 5 7 6 . 3 2 3 8 4 5 1997 3 . 0 3 2 8 0 3 6 . 6 5 1 5 7 2 6 . 2 7 1 6 4 5 1998 3 . 0 7 9 1 5 2 6 . 7 1 0 5 2 3 6 . 1 7 7 6 5 1999 3 . 0 8 5 8 7 4 6 . 7 6 2 7 3 6 . 2 2 8 6 8 2 2000 3 . 0 5 6 3 9 2 6 . 8 5 5 4 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 2 6 2 2001 3 . 0 2 9 6 9 4 6 . 9 4 8 8 9 7 6 . 3 2 9 3 6 8 2002 3 . 1 7 0 0 9 4 7 . 0 3 4 3 8 8 6 . 2 8 0 7 3 4 2003 3 . 2 9 2 8 9 7 . 1 4 9 9 1 7 6 . 3 7 9 8 3 1 2004 3 . 4 1 0 7 2 7 . 3 0 6 5 3 1 6 . 4 8 3 3 2 7 2005 3 . 5 0 4 9 1 2 7 . 4 5 6 4 5 5 6 . 4 7 6 8 0 7 2006 3 . 6 0 8 8 6 8 7 . 6 3 4 8 2 1 6 . 5 6 0 7 6 1 2007 3 . 7 0 3 9 4 7 . 8 8 2 6 9 2 6 . 6 9 2 8 9 9 2008 3 . 7 9 2 4 1 1 8 . 1 3 5 6 4 6 . 8 2 5 3 4 1 2009 3 . 8 7 0 3 5 1 8 . 2 2 9 2 4 4 6 . 1 7 4 3 8 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 3 8 8 7 2 2 5 . 7 4 9 3 9 3 6 . 9 7 0 7 6 9 1991 1 . 4 4 1 0 4 5 5 . 7 9 9 0 9 3 6 . 8 9 3 1 5 6 1992 1 . 5 5 6 1 0 9 5 . 8 9 4 4 0 3 6 . 7 5 7 6 6 7 1993 1 . 0 5 5 3 5 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 6 . 6 9 6 5 3 8 1994 1 . 4 3 3 3 7 8 6 . 1 5 0 6 0 3 6 . 6 6 7 7 6 8 1995 1 . 4 3 9 9 9 6 . 4 0 3 5 7 4 6 . 9 4 2 6 6 9 1996 1 . 7 6 5 5 5 6 . 5 5 5 3 5 7 6 . 6 9 3 8 5 7 1997 1 . 8 4 2 3 0 7 6 . 6 5 1 5 7 2 6 . 6 7 8 2 7 2 1998 1 . 8 0 2 1 6 8 6 . 7 1 0 5 2 3 6 . 6 1 7 7 1 9 1999 1 . 9 1 7 3 5 9 6 . 7 6 2 7 3 6 . 5 9 3 0 7 6 2000 1 . 9 7 2 2 6 4 6 . 8 5 5 4 0 9 6 . 6 3 9 7 5 8 2001 2 . 0 4 5 8 7 7 6 . 9 4 8 8 9 7 6 . 5 6 2 7 4 7 2002 2 . 2 7 9 6 4 6 7 . 0 3 4 3 8 8 6 . 5 6 9 3 7 9 2003 2 . 3 2 0 2 0 1 7 . 1 4 9 9 1 7 6 . 6 0 0 3 5 4 2004 2 . 4 0 1 0 4 9 7 . 3 0 6 5 3 1 6 . 6 7 5 3 6 9 2005 2 . 4 4 0 1 9 1 7 . 4 5 6 4 5 5 6 . 7 1 4 6 9 2006 2 . 5 4 4 0 6 3 7 . 6 3 4 8 2 1 6 . 7 2 3 6 8 7 2007 2 . 6 2 4 7 0 5 7 . 8 8 2 6 9 2 6 . 7 9 8 4 9 8 2008 2 . 6 7 0 7 4 5 8 . 1 3 5 6 4 6 . 9 3 5 7 3 8 2009 . 7 1 9 7 8 7 8 . 2 2 9 2 4 4 6 . 8 6 3 9 0 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 - 0 . 3 8 6 8 6 5 . 7 4 9 3 9 3 6 . 3 5 0 4 5 1991 - 0 . 4 1 9 2 9 5 . 7 9 9 0 9 3 6 . 3 0 2 8 0 4 1992 - 0 . 2 4 9 4 9 5 . 8 9 4 4 0 3 6 . 1 5 1 1 4 1 1993 - 0 . 1 0 6 7 8 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 6 . 3 5 1 5 7 5 1994 0 . 0 0 6 6 1 4 6 . 1 5 0 6 0 3 6 . 4 6 1 7 4 4 1995 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 7 6 . 4 0 3 5 7 4 6 . 9 4 6 8 3 1996 0 . 3 6 2 6 9 1 6 . 5 5 5 3 5 7 7 . 3 1 6 0 9 6 1997 0 . 4 4 9 0 5 5 6 . 6 5 1 5 7 2 7 . 2 7 7 6 6 9 1998 0 . 2 9 7 1 8 3 6 . 7 1 0 5 2 3 7 . 1 9 4 4 2 9 1999 0 . 4 5 4 6 2 2 6 . 7 6 2 7 3 7 . 1 0 8 8 8 6 2000 0 . 6 1 1 3 5 5 6 . 8 5 5 4 0 9 7 . 1 4 6 3 9 5 2001 0 . 6 7 0 3 6 . 9 4 8 8 9 7 7 . 0 9 6 9 7 1 2002 0 . 7 2 8 3 4 7 7 . 0 3 4 3 8 8 6 . 7 5 5 8 3 9 2003 0 . 8 7 1 2 4 6 7 . 1 4 9 9 1 7 6 . 9 6 6 3 6 2004 1 . 0 9 2 9 1 5 7 . 3 0 6 5 3 1 6 . 9 9 6 1 4 8 2005 1 . 1 2 3 6 0 7 7 . 4 5 6 4 5 5 7 . 0 5 5 1 0 6 2006 1 . 1 5 6 6 9 2 7 . 6 3 4 8 2 1 6 . 9 5 8 6 9 6 2007 1 . 2 4 7 2 0 2 7 . 8 8 2 6 9 2 6 . 8 3 9 1 6 4 2008 1 . 3 1 0 0 8 8 8 . 1 3 5 6 4 7 . 0 1 4 7 5 5 2009 1 . 3 4 9 7 1 9 8 . 2 2 9 2 4 4 6 . 5 3 7 4 5 36 7 Czech Republic Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 8 . 3 7 3 3 2 3 6 . 4 9 2 2 4 1991 1 . 7 1 5 3 6 9 8 . 6 5 3 9 9 4 6 . 5 1 1 8 6 1992 2 . 0 1 7 6 6 7 8 . 8 2 7 7 6 1 6 . 2 0 8 0 7 6 1993 1 . 9 5 2 9 3 7 8 . 8 4 8 9 4 6 . 1 9 3 3 4 5 1994 1 . 8 6 5 0 2 5 8 . 9 1 9 8 5 4 6 . 2 2 1 8 0 7 1995 1 . 9 4 7 6 1 9 8 . 9 0 9 6 4 1 6 . 6 5 4 7 0 6 1996 1 . 7 4 8 0 1 4 8 . 9 5 0 5 3 3 6 . 6 6 3 3 6 7 1997 1 . 9 2 9 3 2 3 9 . 0 1 1 8 8 9 6 . 3 0 8 6 4 3 1998 1 . 8 6 0 3 8 2 9 . 0 2 0 7 5 2 6 . 4 2 9 6 2 6 1999 1 . 8 2 5 6 5 8 . 9 5 6 6 0 9 6 . 3 4 5 7 8 2000 1 . 8 7 2 7 1 8 8 . 9 4 8 4 5 6 6 . 3 9 8 4 4 1 2001 1 . 7 5 9 2 3 6 8 . 8 8 2 2 5 3 6 . 5 3 4 7 7 9 2002 1 . 4 3 2 1 6 1 7 . 9 0 4 7 0 4 6 . 1 2 8 3 2 4 2003 1 . 5 7 1 5 9 7 8 . 1 3 4 4 6 8 6 . 5 6 2 6 2 6 2004 1 . 8 1 4 5 6 5 8 . 2 9 2 5 4 9 6 . 2 6 5 9 9 8 2005 1 . 8 1 7 5 8 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 4 8 6 . 4 0 8 2 8 3 2006 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 7 8 . 6 0 9 9 5 5 6 . 5 0 7 2 3 6 2007 1 . 8 0 1 6 7 8 . 7 9 8 4 5 5 6 . 4 6 1 0 8 9 2008 2 . 1 3 1 2 4 3 9 . 0 1 5 0 5 5 6 . 5 9 1 7 3 9 2009 1 . 7 0 1 8 2 5 8 . 9 4 4 4 2 6 . 4 2 0 2 4 5 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1991 1992 1993 2 . 2 5 9 1 4 8 . 1 1 0 1 2 7 6 . 6 9 2 6 4 4 1994 3 . 0 5 1 1 8 6 8 . 2 8 7 7 8 6 . 6 8 8 5 4 1 1995 3 . 1 5 3 4 0 2 8 . 5 8 4 6 6 5 7 . 0 1 7 2 6 1 1996 3 . 2 0 0 8 4 2 8 . 7 0 1 5 1 3 6 . 9 3 4 3 6 3 1997 3 . 3 4 1 1 0 7 8 . 6 2 0 6 5 2 6 . 7 8 9 4 2 7 1998 3 . 2 3 1 2 6 2 8 . 7 0 0 8 4 7 6 . 8 2 3 4 2 1999 3 . 1 8 5 2 7 7 8 . 6 7 4 8 8 6 . 7 4 2 1 7 4 2000 3 . 2 0 8 5 3 8 . 6 1 6 3 1 4 6 . 6 8 6 7 1 1 2001 3 . 3 4 1 1 0 8 . 7 0 7 6 4 8 6 . 6 9 4 5 6 7 2002 3 . 4 7 5 8 9 6 8 . 9 0 5 9 8 7 6 . 7 2 2 2 1 4 2003 3 . 4 9 0 4 5 3 9 . 0 9 9 4 0 9 6 . 8 1 2 9 6 5 2004 3 . 6 5 5 2 8 1 9 . 2 7 9 9 6 6 . 8 4 2 5 5 2 2005 4 . 0 4 4 2 7 1 9 . 4 0 6 5 6 5 6 . 5 0 5 5 2 2 2006 3 . 9 0 8 1 7 9 . 5 3 8 7 0 8 6 . 6 6 5 6 0 8 2007 4 . 0 7 0 5 0 2 9 . 7 3 2 5 8 1 6 . 7 8 4 3 0 8 2008 4 . 0 4 4 1 0 8 9 . 9 3 9 2 8 9 6 . 8 6 0 2 7 5 2009 3 . 7 5 7 5 2 1 9 . 8 0 5 7 0 9 6 . 9 5 5 4 9 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1 . 7 2 1 5 5 1 8 . 1 1 0 1 2 7 5 . 9 4 2 4 7 1994 2 . 0 9 8 3 6 1 8 . 2 8 7 7 8 7 . 0 3 5 5 8 9 1995 2 . 1 3 2 6 5 8 . 5 8 4 6 6 5 5 . 7 7 9 8 7 9 1996 2 . 2 5 9 1 3 4 8 . 7 0 1 5 1 3 6 . 8 2 6 8 7 1 1997 2 . 1 8 7 3 0 9 8 . 6 2 0 6 5 2 6 . 4 5 1 8 1 2 1998 2 . 2 6 8 9 8 7 8 . 7 0 0 8 4 7 6 . 5 7 5 0 4 1999 2 . 2 8 8 4 0 5 8 . 6 7 4 8 8 6 . 4 9 3 5 6 2000 2 . 4 2 3 1 3 7 8 . 6 1 6 3 1 4 6 . 5 4 5 6 5 7 2001 2 . 4 5 6 1 9 8 8 . 7 0 7 6 4 8 6 . 5 4 9 7 3 5 2002 2 . 3 0 7 4 5 3 8 . 9 0 5 9 8 7 5 . 9 7 3 0 4 9 2003 2 . 2 5 9 1 3 4 9 . 0 9 9 4 0 9 5 . 9 7 8 9 1 6 2004 2 . 3 2 6 1 4 5 9 . 2 7 9 9 6 5 . 9 2 8 4 3 7 2005 2 . 4 0 6 1 8 8 9 . 4 0 6 5 6 5 6 . 5 4 5 4 8 4 2006 2 . 4 7 2 3 2 8 9 . 5 3 8 7 0 8 6 . 0 7 6 0 4 2 2007 2 . 4 8 8 2 0 1 9 . 7 3 2 5 8 1 6 . 2 0 3 5 5 8 2008 1 . 6 1 4 3 0 6 9 . 9 3 9 2 8 9 5 . 2 5 4 6 6 6 2009 9 . 8 0 5 7 0 9 6 . 7 2 2 6 7 2 37 8 Denmark Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 9 3 6 1 5 9 1 0 . 1 8 2 1 8 6 . 8 2 8 6 7 5 1991 5 . 0 0 0 5 7 7 1 0 . 1 8 5 7 3 6 . 8 3 6 7 3 1992 4 . 7 6 6 4 7 2 1 0 . 2 7 6 8 1 6 . 5 2 8 1 7 6 1993 4 . 6 2 0 7 2 5 1 0 . 2 0 7 3 3 6 . 2 2 6 9 5 3 1994 4 . 6 7 2 6 3 6 1 0 . 2 9 2 4 5 6 . 2 4 8 7 7 6 1995 4 . 5 7 7 8 2 8 1 0 . 4 5 7 6 3 6 . 3 7 2 7 4 8 1996 4 . 6 2 1 9 6 1 0 . 4 6 4 5 6 6 . 2 8 7 9 0 4 1997 4 . 6 8 4 9 5 5 1 0 . 3 8 1 4 6 . 1 7 5 7 9 8 1998 4 . 7 1 8 4 7 1 0 . 3 9 6 9 3 6 . 2 3 5 4 8 7 1999 4 . 7 8 2 0 0 8 1 0 . 3 9 5 1 9 6 . 2 4 6 4 8 6 2000 4 . 4 5 2 1 2 7 1 0 . 3 0 8 7 2 6 . 1 3 7 6 9 2 2001 4 . 7 6 2 3 4 2 1 0 . 3 0 7 8 5 5 . 9 8 5 6 7 5 2002 4 . 7 1 3 3 8 5 1 0 . 3 8 4 4 9 6 . 0 4 9 9 9 5 2003 4 . 7 1 3 1 6 1 0 . 5 8 3 2 5 6 . 1 9 0 4 2 9 2004 4 . 6 9 2 7 8 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 2 8 6 . 2 7 3 6 0 4 2005 4 . 6 6 3 9 9 7 1 0 . 7 7 0 1 6 . 2 1 7 2 0 3 2006 4 . 7 6 9 6 6 4 1 0 . 8 2 8 9 8 6 . 4 0 2 0 2 1 2007 4 . 8 2 2 5 9 3 1 0 . 9 5 1 1 7 6 . 5 1 9 8 9 5 2008 4 . 8 0 4 8 2 4 1 1 . 0 3 7 4 2 6 . 5 9 5 6 0 6 2009 4 . 6 6 0 0 9 7 1 0 . 9 3 1 9 1 6 . 3 2 6 4 1 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 9 4 7 8 3 7 1 0 . 1 8 2 1 8 7 . 1 8 1 9 6 4 1991 3 . 9 6 8 7 1 1 1 0 . 1 8 5 7 3 7 . 0 8 2 0 8 7 1992 3 . 9 4 4 2 7 3 1 0 . 2 7 6 8 1 7 . 0 4 1 4 9 5 1993 3 . 9 8 4 5 0 1 1 0 . 2 0 7 3 3 6 . 6 9 4 7 6 3 1994 4 . 0 8 2 8 3 7 1 0 . 2 9 2 4 5 6 . 8 1 9 5 6 8 1995 4 . 1 1 8 4 4 9 1 0 . 4 5 7 6 3 7 . 1 1 4 1 4 6 1996 4 . 0 7 3 7 3 2 1 0 . 4 6 4 5 6 7 . 0 2 0 3 4 2 1997 4 . 2 5 4 5 2 8 1 0 . 3 8 1 4 6 . 8 3 5 0 5 3 1998 4 . 2 8 4 6 0 6 1 0 . 3 9 6 9 3 6 . 8 5 0 2 3 3 1999 4 . 2 5 4 5 2 8 1 0 . 3 9 5 1 9 6 . 7 7 8 7 9 6 2000 4 . 3 3 7 5 0 3 1 0 . 3 0 8 7 2 6 . 6 9 1 7 3 2001 4 . 3 1 1 4 0 4 1 0 . 3 0 7 8 5 6 . 6 9 1 8 5 1 2002 4 . 3 1 3 0 1 6 1 0 . 3 8 4 4 9 6 . 7 1 3 9 7 5 2003 4 . 4 3 5 2 5 1 0 . 5 8 3 2 5 6 . 8 3 3 7 4 3 2004 4 . 4 6 3 1 0 5 1 0 . 7 2 1 2 8 6 . 8 6 4 0 1 4 2005 4 . 4 5 4 9 3 2 1 0 . 7 7 0 1 6 . 8 7 0 8 7 5 2006 4 . 3 6 8 4 5 4 1 0 . 8 2 8 9 8 7 . 0 0 5 9 4 5 2007 4 . 3 8 5 6 5 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 1 7 7 . 0 1 6 5 4 2008 4 . 3 3 9 5 7 8 1 1 . 0 3 7 4 2 7 . 1 2 8 7 9 1 2009 4 . 1 5 3 1 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 9 1 7 . 0 6 2 4 0 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 6 5 7 8 4 7 1 0 . 1 8 2 1 8 6 . 5 4 8 3 3 9 1991 3 . 6 3 9 1 9 1 0 . 1 8 5 7 3 6 . 5 5 4 2 8 8 1992 3 . 6 6 5 9 4 7 1 0 . 2 7 6 8 1 6 . 5 3 9 5 9 3 1993 3 . 6 8 5 3 5 4 1 0 . 2 0 7 3 3 5 . 7 6 6 5 6 8 1994 3 . 8 6 3 0 8 7 1 0 . 2 9 2 4 5 6 . 2 0 6 8 1 8 1995 3 . 8 4 7 1 5 3 1 0 . 4 5 7 6 3 6 . 5 5 3 1 9 7 1996 3 . 8 2 3 9 4 1 1 0 . 4 6 4 5 6 6 . 6 8 2 5 1 1997 3 . 9 4 8 5 2 9 1 0 . 3 8 1 4 6 . 4 0 3 5 5 1 1998 3 . 9 1 9 0 7 3 1 0 . 3 9 6 9 3 6 . 3 6 3 9 2 6 1999 3 . 8 7 5 4 3 1 0 . 3 9 5 1 9 6 . 3 2 1 3 8 3 2000 3 . 8 7 4 9 4 7 1 0 . 3 0 8 7 2 6 . 2 0 1 1 9 5 2001 3 . 8 3 7 3 5 4 1 0 . 3 0 7 8 5 6 . 1 5 6 7 8 3 2002 3 . 7 7 9 8 9 3 1 0 . 3 8 4 4 9 6 . 1 9 2 8 0 8 2003 3 . 7 2 4 7 9 7 1 0 . 5 8 3 2 5 6 . 2 7 7 2 2 8 2004 3 . 8 1 3 5 4 3 1 0 . 7 2 1 2 8 6 . 3 2 1 7 5 2 2005 3 . 8 0 5 7 9 3 1 0 . 7 7 0 1 6 . 3 4 6 9 8 9 2006 3 . 9 2 5 9 9 2 1 0 . 8 2 8 9 8 6 . 5 1 1 3 9 2007 4 . 0 2 4 8 6 6 1 0 . 9 5 1 1 7 6 . 5 3 1 7 9 2008 3 . 8 5 5 4 5 9 1 1 . 0 3 7 4 2 6 . 5 4 1 7 8 2009 3 . 6 5 7 2 7 9 1 0 . 9 3 1 9 1 6 . 4 5 0 3 8 7 38 9. Egypt Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 0 . 8 1 1 1 4 2 6 . 6 3 2 0 0 2 8 . 3 7 0 8 7 7 1991 0 . 8 5 0 0 7 6 . 4 5 8 3 3 8 6 . 8 0 9 5 3 6 1992 1 . 0 2 8 8 6 6 . 5 6 3 8 5 6 6 . 6 5 1 6 0 5 1993 1 . 1 2 5 1 3 5 6 . 6 5 4 1 5 3 6 . 5 2 3 7 3 5 1994 1 . 0 8 1 5 4 7 6 . 7 4 5 2 3 6 6 . 3 8 1 3 8 8 1995 0 . 2 7 5 1 7 1 6 . 8 7 6 2 6 5 7 . 0 4 9 1 9 5 1996 0 . 2 6 0 1 8 9 6 . 9 7 6 3 4 8 6 . 6 7 0 3 1 8 1997 1 . 1 5 5 5 0 7 7 . 1 0 8 2 4 4 6 . 7 3 8 7 4 1 1998 1 . 3 4 6 7 7 4 7 . 1 6 9 3 5 6 . 3 4 8 3 4 6 1999 1 . 3 3 5 7 5 2 7 . 2 1 8 9 1 6 . 3 4 9 9 1 5 2000 0 . 5 8 7 1 8 3 7 . 2 9 7 0 9 1 6 . 6 6 5 2 5 9 2001 0 . 9 7 0 1 7 5 7 . 2 5 6 2 9 7 6 . 8 9 2 2 1 5 2002 0 . 8 9 3 8 3 7 7 . 1 3 2 4 9 8 6 . 8 3 1 2 9 2003 1 . 0 2 1 1 8 5 7 . 0 5 6 1 7 5 6 . 5 7 3 6 7 2 2004 1 . 4 3 4 4 9 5 6 . 9 8 6 5 6 6 6 . 5 0 3 5 4 7 2005 1 . 4 3 4 4 9 5 7 . 0 9 7 5 4 9 6 . 5 5 0 0 3 9 2006 1 . 3 7 9 9 7 5 7 . 2 5 9 8 2 6 . 7 3 3 1 7 7 2007 1 . 5 2 0 7 3 9 7 . 4 3 6 0 2 8 6 . 7 3 3 1 7 7 2008 1 . 5 2 0 7 3 9 7 . 6 3 9 6 4 2 6 . 6 1 7 8 1 1 2009 1 . 6 7 8 0 6 9 7 . 7 7 1 0 6 7 6 . 5 5 0 0 3 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 6 3 2 0 0 2 7 . 9 4 3 9 6 2 1991 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 4 5 8 3 3 8 7 . 6 3 3 3 4 9 1992 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 5 6 3 8 5 6 7 . 7 1 1 2 5 6 1993 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 6 5 4 1 5 3 7 . 6 8 6 3 6 7 1994 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 7 4 5 2 3 6 7 . 7 6 2 2 1 3 1995 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 8 7 6 2 6 5 7 . 5 0 9 1 4 9 1996 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 6 . 9 7 6 3 4 8 7 . 5 3 0 5 1 1997 0 . 6 9 6 8 4 2 7 . 1 0 8 2 4 4 7 . 4 0 2 6 7 7 1998 - 0 . 5 7 2 3 7 7 . 1 6 9 3 5 6 . 1 2 3 5 1 3 1999 - 0 . 5 0 1 7 8 7 . 2 1 8 9 1 6 . 0 4 0 2 3 4 2000 - 0 . 0 5 5 9 3 7 . 2 9 7 0 9 1 6 . 3 2 0 6 2001 0 . 5 4 1 1 5 3 7 . 2 5 6 2 9 7 6 . 2 7 2 4 2 8 2002 0 . 2 9 7 2 3 1 7 . 1 3 2 4 9 8 6 . 3 0 9 9 1 8 2003 - 0 . 4 9 1 2 3 7 . 0 5 6 1 7 5 6 . 1 6 9 0 4 2 2004 - 0 . 3 6 6 7 1 6 . 9 8 6 5 6 6 6 . 1 0 1 8 4 1 2005 - 0 . 3 6 6 7 1 7 . 0 9 7 5 4 9 6 . 1 0 1 8 4 1 2006 - 0 . 3 6 6 7 1 7 . 2 5 9 8 2 6 . 1 0 1 8 4 1 2007 - 0 . 3 1 0 5 7 7 . 4 3 6 0 2 8 6 . 1 0 8 5 8 2008 - 0 . 3 1 0 5 7 7 . 6 3 9 6 4 2 6 . 1 0 8 5 8 2009 - 0 . 0 6 4 3 9 7 . 7 7 1 0 6 7 6 . 3 4 6 3 5 9 Y e a r D Y P 1990 1 .3 8 9 7 6 4 6 .6 2 0 0 2 7 .4 6 7 8 6 5 1991 1 .4 8 7 2 8 9 .4 5 8 3 3 8 6 .6 4 8 2 6 6 1992 1 .4 2 3 3 4 9 6 .5 6 3 8 5 6 6 .5 5 4 2 5 7 1993 1 .3 9 2 4 3 4 .6 5 4 1 5 3 6 .4 3 3 5 2 8 1994 1 .5 1 1 3 3 4 6 .7 4 5 2 3 6 6 .3 7 4 6 5 8 1995 1 .5 3 9 5 5 6 .8 7 6 2 6 5 6 .7 4 3 1 1 7 1996 1 .5 7 4 8 7 6 6 .9 7 6 3 4 8 6 .6 0 9 1 6 5 1997 1 .8 0 9 7 5 7 7 .1 0 8 2 4 4 6 .4 6 7 0 7 3 1998 1 .8 9 2 2 0 1 7 .1 6 9 3 5 6 .4 5 5 9 6 5 1999 2 .3 4 0 2 2 7 .2 1 8 9 1 6 .3 8 6 2 0 7 2000 1 .6 3 3 1 8 8 7 .2 9 7 0 9 1 6 .1 0 6 0 4 9 2001 1 . 7 7 7 2 7 .2 5 6 2 9 7 6 .7 4 0 0 6 2 2002 2 .0 7 7 9 7 7 7 .1 3 2 4 9 8 6 .6 2 0 0 1 3 2003 2 .1 9 6 3 5 7 .0 5 6 1 7 5 6 .4 5 7 7 9 2 2004 2 .1 3 4 4 8 2 6 .9 8 6 5 6 6 6 .3 2 9 3 8 8 2005 2 .1 3 4 4 8 2 7 .0 9 7 5 4 9 6 .3 2 9 3 8 8 2006 2 .1 5 4 3 3 2 7 .2 5 9 8 2 6 .3 8 5 4 6 6 2007 2 .5 0 9 5 5 7 .4 3 6 0 2 8 6 .5 7 2 5 1 8 2008 2 .5 2 0 9 5 5 7 .6 3 9 6 4 2 6 .5 7 2 5 1 8 2009 2 .4 3 8 8 1 7 7 .7 7 1 0 6 7 6 .4 4 3 9 9 3 39 10 Finland Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 8 5 9 3 0 4 1 0 . 2 3 4 7 7 6 . 9 0 9 7 9 4 1991 4 . 7 5 6 6 5 1 0 . 1 2 6 2 3 6 . 8 5 9 5 7 5 1992 4 . 7 7 7 1 0 7 9 . 9 9 2 0 0 2 6 . 8 3 5 4 6 5 1993 4 . 9 3 5 2 5 5 9 . 7 5 5 1 0 4 6 . 6 0 8 4 2 5 1994 5 . 0 3 9 9 5 9 . 8 9 2 1 2 3 6 . 6 6 8 2 4 9 1995 5 . 1 0 8 2 2 4 1 0 . 1 5 0 6 6 6 . 8 9 0 1 2 6 1996 5 . 2 6 4 2 9 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 7 6 . 8 1 0 7 8 1997 5 . 3 4 3 3 7 6 1 0 . 0 8 2 8 6 . 6 8 9 5 0 5 1998 4 . 9 5 5 9 1 7 1 0 . 1 3 3 8 8 6 . 7 3 7 7 3 1999 4 . 9 5 5 0 0 5 1 0 . 1 3 5 7 9 6 . 6 6 7 2 4 6 2000 5 . 0 1 8 8 8 7 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 3 6 . 6 3 2 7 6 4 2001 4 . 7 0 3 3 1 3 1 0 . 0 8 6 8 5 6 . 6 1 3 7 6 2002 5 . 0 7 1 7 2 4 1 0 . 1 6 5 6 2 6 . 5 9 5 9 6 8 2003 5 . 2 5 2 7 3 4 1 0 . 4 9 5 7 9 6 . 7 3 9 3 9 6 2004 5 . 0 7 9 3 4 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 7 7 3 8 6 5 2005 5 . 1 8 1 0 3 7 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 7 8 3 3 1 4 2006 5 . 4 8 5 7 0 2 1 0 . 5 8 3 7 3 6 . 7 7 7 2 5 7 2007 5 . 5 6 6 7 3 2 1 0 . 7 4 8 0 2 6 . 8 6 0 9 8 5 2008 5 . 4 9 5 7 0 7 1 0 . 8 4 3 1 2 6 . 9 6 5 8 6 3 2009 1 0 . 7 1 6 3 6 . 9 2 8 4 0 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 6 0 3 7 1 7 1 0 . 2 3 4 7 7 6 . 7 4 3 7 6 1 1991 4 . 7 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 6 2 3 6 . 6 6 6 1 3 8 1992 4 . 8 4 0 3 8 7 9 . 9 9 2 0 0 2 6 . 6 9 1 5 3 2 1993 4 . 7 4 8 6 6 9 9 . 7 5 5 1 0 4 6 . 5 0 0 7 8 6 1994 4 . 6 6 3 4 0 4 9 . 8 9 2 1 2 3 6 . 8 6 7 3 9 3 1995 4 . 8 2 7 2 3 1 1 0 . 1 5 0 6 6 6 . 7 7 6 5 7 7 1996 4 . 9 2 9 9 2 1 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 7 6 . 5 6 1 9 3 4 1997 4 . 9 8 5 8 1 6 1 0 . 0 8 2 8 6 . 6 2 0 2 3 2 1998 5 . 1 5 6 9 5 1 0 . 1 3 3 8 8 6 . 5 5 4 5 4 4 1999 5 . 1 8 7 7 5 1 0 . 1 3 5 7 9 6 . 5 1 8 1 0 8 2000 5 . 3 1 9 1 9 5 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 3 6 . 5 1 9 5 9 2001 5 . 2 6 5 0 5 9 1 0 . 0 8 6 8 5 6 . 4 8 2 4 8 4 2002 4 . 5 8 9 7 5 2 1 0 . 1 6 5 6 2 6 . 5 5 9 4 4 1 2003 4 . 3 2 2 6 7 7 1 0 . 4 9 5 7 9 6 . 5 9 6 6 9 2 2004 4 . 8 1 4 9 4 5 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 5 8 5 5 3 6 2005 4 . 6 5 9 8 7 8 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 6 0 2 4 0 5 2006 3 . 9 6 1 6 9 7 1 0 . 5 8 3 7 3 6 . 6 6 5 8 8 4 2007 3 . 5 4 9 4 9 2 1 0 . 7 4 8 0 2 6 . 6 6 5 8 8 4 2008 3 . 4 6 7 9 1 0 . 8 4 3 1 2 6 . 7 5 3 4 2 1 2009 - 3 . 9 3 1 8 1 0 . 7 1 6 3 6 . 6 9 7 8 3 5 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 7 3 7 9 0 9 1 0 . 2 3 4 7 7 6 . 4 5 3 7 4 1991 3 . 2 9 4 0 6 8 1 0 . 1 2 6 2 3 6 . 4 2 2 3 2 1992 3 . 0 4 1 5 6 9 . 9 9 2 0 0 2 6 . 2 2 6 9 7 1993 3 . 5 8 4 3 4 3 9 . 7 5 5 1 0 4 6 . 0 3 3 7 6 1994 3 . 6 6 4 3 7 6 9 . 8 9 2 1 2 3 6 . 0 8 6 3 2 1995 4 . 1 5 3 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 0 6 6 6 . 4 9 1 4 7 1996 4 . 0 3 6 1 0 3 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 7 6 . 5 4 0 8 4 1997 4 . 0 0 9 6 1 2 1 0 . 0 8 2 8 6 . 2 5 1 3 5 1998 4 . 0 8 2 4 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 3 8 8 6 . 2 7 5 2 4 9 1999 4 . 0 4 2 6 1 8 1 0 . 1 3 5 7 9 6 . 2 1 7 8 1 6 2000 4 . 0 2 2 0 5 1 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 3 6 . 1 4 3 6 6 9 2001 4 . 0 3 5 8 8 8 1 0 . 0 8 6 8 5 6 . 2 4 1 1 2002 4 . 0 7 8 4 9 3 1 0 . 1 6 5 6 2 6 . 1 4 2 3 0 1 2003 3 . 8 8 6 8 2 6 1 0 . 4 9 5 7 9 6 . 1 6 1 7 8 2004 3 . 6 7 3 6 0 4 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 2 2 6 5 9 7 2005 3 . 4 6 8 0 3 3 1 0 . 5 2 7 2 6 6 . 2 8 9 6 7 3 2006 3 . 3 5 0 1 1 4 1 0 . 5 8 3 7 3 6 . 3 3 0 8 8 4 2007 3 . 0 8 0 5 1 3 1 0 . 7 4 8 0 2 6 . 4 1 1 8 0 5 2008 3 . 9 5 0 0 6 1 1 0 . 8 4 3 1 2 6 . 4 7 4 8 5 5 2009 3 . 6 4 3 5 2 1 1 0 . 7 1 6 3 6 . 4 4 2 0 2 9 40 11 German Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 7 0 9 7 5 7 9 . 9 7 9 7 0 8 5 . 6 2 2 2 8 7 1991 4 . 7 6 8 4 5 1 0 . 0 2 5 8 8 5 . 7 3 6 7 9 8 1992 4 . 8 0 4 0 9 2 1 0 . 1 5 0 5 4 5 . 4 4 0 9 9 1993 4 . 7 8 1 5 9 6 1 0 . 1 1 6 0 1 5 . 2 3 5 5 6 4 1994 4 . 8 2 3 0 3 3 1 0 . 1 7 9 2 6 5 . 2 9 6 9 1 1995 4 . 8 2 3 8 1 9 1 0 . 3 3 8 5 8 5 . 6 1 5 5 7 1 1996 4 . 8 2 9 5 9 6 1 0 . 3 0 0 6 2 5 . 7 1 9 9 4 8 1997 4 . 8 7 7 6 3 3 1 0 . 1 7 6 7 5 5 . 4 3 8 6 2 4 1998 4 . 9 1 9 2 8 1 1 0 . 1 8 6 7 1 5 . 3 4 3 1 6 6 1999 4 . 9 6 1 5 7 6 1 0 . 1 6 4 3 5 5 . 2 8 3 4 3 7 2000 5 . 0 3 6 5 5 8 1 0 . 0 4 0 9 5 . 2 1 8 7 4 2001 5 . 0 2 5 0 6 1 1 0 . 0 3 6 4 9 5 . 3 6 7 5 4 2002 5 . 0 8 8 6 8 1 0 . 0 9 9 0 5 5 . 1 7 8 4 1 9 2003 5 . 1 3 0 2 2 8 1 0 . 2 8 7 5 6 5 . 1 3 1 9 2 2004 5 . 1 5 2 6 7 2 1 0 . 4 0 5 4 7 5 . 2 1 0 5 8 2005 5 . 2 2 4 1 3 1 1 0 . 4 2 0 5 8 5 . 2 4 5 9 9 5 2006 5 . 1 9 0 5 8 9 1 0 . 4 6 9 8 8 5 . 7 4 7 2 6 9 2007 5 . 3 4 7 8 9 2 1 0 . 6 0 6 6 6 5 . 2 4 4 5 4 4 2008 5 . 3 3 1 5 3 6 1 0 . 6 9 4 9 4 5 . 2 3 1 9 2009 5 . 0 6 0 1 8 1 1 0 . 6 0 3 4 9 5 . 5 5 3 3 9 1 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 0 . 8 1 1 1 4 2 6 . 6 3 2 0 0 2 8 . 3 7 0 8 7 7 1991 0 . 8 5 0 0 7 6 . 4 5 8 3 3 8 6 . 8 0 9 5 3 6 1992 1 . 0 2 8 8 6 6 . 5 6 3 8 5 6 6 . 6 5 1 6 0 5 1993 1 . 1 2 5 1 3 5 6 . 6 5 4 1 5 3 6 . 5 2 3 7 3 5 1994 1 . 0 8 1 5 4 7 6 . 7 4 5 2 3 6 6 . 3 8 1 3 8 8 1995 0 . 2 7 5 1 7 1 6 . 8 7 6 2 6 5 7 . 0 4 9 1 9 5 1996 0 . 2 6 0 1 8 9 6 . 9 7 6 3 4 8 6 . 6 7 0 3 1 8 1997 1 . 1 5 5 5 0 7 7 . 1 0 8 2 4 4 6 . 7 3 8 7 4 1 1998 1 . 3 4 6 7 7 4 7 . 1 6 9 3 5 6 . 3 4 8 3 4 6 1999 1 . 3 3 5 7 5 2 7 . 2 1 8 9 1 6 . 3 4 9 9 1 5 2000 0 . 5 8 7 1 8 3 7 . 2 9 7 0 9 1 6 . 6 6 5 2 5 9 2001 0 . 9 7 0 1 7 5 7 . 2 5 6 2 9 7 6 . 8 9 2 2 1 5 2002 0 . 8 9 3 8 3 7 7 . 1 3 2 4 9 8 6 . 8 3 1 2 9 2003 1 . 0 2 1 1 8 5 7 . 0 5 6 1 7 5 6 . 5 7 3 6 7 2 2004 1 . 4 3 4 4 9 5 6 . 9 8 6 5 6 6 6 . 5 0 3 5 4 7 2005 1 . 4 3 4 4 9 5 7 . 0 9 7 5 4 9 6 . 5 5 0 0 3 9 2006 1 . 3 7 9 9 7 5 7 . 2 5 9 8 2 6 . 7 3 3 1 7 7 2007 1 . 5 2 0 7 3 9 7 . 4 3 6 0 2 8 6 . 7 3 3 1 7 7 2008 1 . 5 2 0 7 3 9 7 . 6 3 9 6 4 2 6 . 6 1 7 8 1 1 2009 1 . 6 7 8 0 6 9 7 . 7 7 1 0 6 7 6 . 5 5 0 0 3 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 1 9 5 4 9 9 9 . 9 7 9 7 0 8 7 . 0 9 7 0 0 9 1991 4 . 2 6 2 5 0 8 1 0 . 0 2 5 8 8 7 . 0 8 0 8 9 3 1992 4 . 2 2 4 8 3 1 0 . 1 5 0 5 4 6 . 9 6 9 1 9 5 1993 4 . 2 1 3 6 4 9 1 0 . 1 1 6 0 1 7 . 0 5 0 4 5 6 1994 4 . 3 1 7 5 9 8 1 0 . 1 7 9 2 6 6 . 8 0 9 0 7 8 1995 4 . 1 9 6 3 2 7 1 0 . 3 3 8 5 8 6 . 6 4 8 3 0 8 1996 4 . 1 8 6 9 0 2 1 0 . 3 0 0 6 2 6 . 6 7 4 0 6 3 1997 4 . 2 5 2 6 4 7 1 0 . 1 7 6 7 5 6 . 4 1 1 9 0 4 1998 4 . 3 4 1 5 8 3 1 0 . 1 8 6 7 1 6 . 4 5 7 4 0 4 1999 4 . 3 5 6 1 1 1 0 . 1 6 4 3 5 6 . 3 7 1 6 6 6 2000 4 . 4 4 8 2 9 5 1 0 . 0 4 0 9 6 . 2 8 9 2 6 7 2001 4 . 3 9 8 4 6 8 1 0 . 0 3 6 4 9 6 . 3 1 5 6 4 2002 4 . 3 6 3 1 4 1 0 . 0 9 9 0 5 6 . 2 4 0 2 4 6 2003 4 . 3 7 5 9 7 8 1 0 . 2 8 7 5 6 6 . 1 6 9 0 6 5 2004 4 . 4 5 7 8 2 7 1 0 . 4 0 5 4 7 6 . 0 9 8 7 7 3 2005 4 . 4 2 8 0 7 7 1 0 . 4 2 0 5 8 6 . 0 2 4 7 0 1 2006 4 . 4 4 5 6 4 1 0 . 4 6 9 8 8 5 . 9 7 3 6 8 7 2007 4 . 4 7 2 8 6 5 1 0 . 6 0 6 6 6 5 . 9 1 8 5 6 6 2008 4 . 4 3 4 0 4 1 1 0 . 6 9 4 9 4 5 . 9 5 0 4 0 5 2009 4 . 2 0 2 5 2 3 1 0 . 6 0 3 4 9 6 . 1 2 6 4 2 1 41 12 India Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 - 0 . 2 0 0 2 2 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 7 . 4 6 9 9 3 4 1991 - 0 . 0 8 7 7 7 5 . 7 3 3 3 4 1 7 . 2 3 1 6 8 9 1992 - 0 . 0 3 5 4 5 . 6 2 7 6 2 1 7 . 1 7 0 8 2 8 1993 0 . 0 2 3 2 1 1 5 . 7 2 6 8 4 8 7 . 1 4 9 0 0 6 1994 0 . 1 6 2 6 1 7 5 . 8 6 6 4 6 8 7 . 0 3 6 0 3 3 1995 0 . 2 1 1 4 1 3 5 . 9 4 5 4 2 1 6 . 9 9 4 9 3 9 1996 0 . 2 3 1 4 7 6 6 . 0 1 3 7 1 5 7 . 1 3 2 9 9 5 1997 0 . 2 4 5 6 6 7 6 . 0 5 4 4 3 9 6 . 6 9 7 0 3 4 1998 0 . 3 3 6 3 3 6 6 . 0 4 9 7 3 3 6 . 7 1 5 9 0 7 1999 0 . 4 5 6 8 4 6 6 . 1 1 1 4 6 7 6 . 7 7 4 4 0 6 2000 0 . 4 9 7 1 5 3 6 . 1 1 5 8 9 2 6 . 6 9 1 1 2 4 2001 0 . 4 6 4 3 0 2 6 . 1 3 7 7 2 7 6 . 3 7 8 4 3 8 2002 0 . 4 7 1 8 5 6 6 . 1 8 2 0 8 5 6 . 4 4 1 9 6 9 2003 0 . 4 9 2 1 6 5 6 . 3 3 3 2 8 6 . 4 4 0 9 9 9 2004 0 . 4 9 8 9 9 9 6 . 5 0 4 2 8 8 6 . 9 3 3 0 2 5 2005 0 . 5 4 2 8 7 6 6 . 6 3 5 9 4 7 6 . 9 8 4 9 2 8 2006 0 . 5 3 4 0 2 9 6 . 7 5 3 4 3 8 7 . 1 3 2 5 8 7 2007 0 . 5 2 3 8 1 8 7 . 0 0 7 6 0 1 7 . 0 8 5 4 9 4 2008 1 . 1 9 7 9 3 3 6 . 9 7 2 6 0 6 7 . 2 3 3 2 5 8 2009 1 . 2 2 3 8 1 3 7 . 0 8 3 3 8 8 6 . 9 1 4 7 4 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 - 0 . 2 7 9 8 3 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 7 . 6 2 4 7 8 9 1991 - 0 . 2 0 1 7 4 5 . 7 3 3 3 4 1 8 . 1 2 0 0 9 3 1992 - 0 . 1 3 6 2 4 5 . 6 2 7 6 2 1 7 . 1 0 5 6 3 7 1993 - 0 . 0 2 4 9 1 5 . 7 2 6 8 4 8 6 . 3 9 3 7 1 4 1994 - 0 . 0 3 8 1 6 5 . 8 6 6 4 6 8 6 . 3 6 5 8 9 2 1995 - 0 . 0 3 5 5 7 5 . 9 4 5 4 2 1 7 . 0 1 9 7 7 8 1996 0 . 0 2 6 1 8 4 6 . 0 1 3 7 1 5 6 . 8 8 8 3 5 5 1997 - 0 . 0 3 4 4 6 6 . 0 5 4 4 3 9 6 . 7 7 9 9 2 2 1998 0 . 2 0 9 2 6 2 6 . 0 4 9 7 3 3 6 . 7 7 9 9 2 7 1999 0 . 2 9 2 8 8 6 . 1 1 1 4 6 7 6 . 7 7 9 9 2 2 2000 0 . 2 9 8 6 5 2 6 . 1 1 5 8 9 2 6 . 7 8 4 4 0 6 2001 0 . 2 7 3 4 5 7 6 . 1 3 7 7 2 7 6 . 6 0 0 4 4 7 2002 0 . 2 8 1 5 9 6 6 . 1 8 2 0 8 5 6 . 4 5 0 3 2003 0 . 2 4 5 1 4 9 6 . 3 3 3 2 8 6 . 4 4 9 4 8 2 2004 0 . 1 9 2 5 3 6 . 5 0 4 2 8 8 6 . 5 1 1 0 4 6 2005 0 . 3 1 5 9 0 3 6 . 6 3 5 9 4 7 6 . 6 8 7 1 7 5 2006 0 . 3 0 8 4 1 6 6 . 7 5 3 4 3 8 6 . 8 1 3 8 5 1 2007 0 . 3 9 1 7 7 1 7 . 0 0 7 6 0 1 6 . 7 6 6 3 2 5 2008 0 . 9 3 3 6 9 5 6 . 9 7 2 6 0 6 6 . 9 0 8 3 8 4 2009 0 . 8 8 4 9 0 4 7 . 0 8 3 3 8 8 7 . 4 1 2 4 6 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 5 . 6 1 3 8 3 4 5 . 9 2 4 2 5 6 5 . 6 1 3 8 3 4 1991 6 . 0 5 7 0 7 3 5 . 7 3 3 3 4 1 6 . 0 5 7 0 7 3 1992 6 . 0 7 4 4 4 8 5 . 6 2 7 6 2 1 6 . 0 7 4 4 4 8 1993 5 . 4 1 9 7 8 8 5 . 7 2 6 8 4 8 5 . 4 1 9 7 8 8 1994 5 . 2 2 5 5 7 8 5 . 8 6 6 4 6 8 5 . 2 2 5 5 7 8 1995 5 . 6 4 6 9 3 9 5 . 9 4 5 4 2 1 5 . 6 4 6 9 3 9 1996 6 . 6 4 8 5 4 7 6 . 0 1 3 7 1 5 6 . 6 4 8 5 4 7 1997 6 . 8 6 3 0 7 7 6 . 0 5 4 4 3 9 6 . 8 6 3 0 7 7 1998 6 . 1 3 2 2 2 8 6 . 0 4 9 7 3 3 6 . 1 3 2 2 2 8 1999 5 . 7 7 4 5 4 5 6 . 1 1 1 4 6 7 . 7 7 4 5 4 5 2000 6 . 0 8 7 3 7 7 6 . 1 1 5 8 9 2 6 . 0 8 7 3 7 7 2001 5 . 6 1 8 8 2 6 6 . 1 3 7 7 2 7 5 . 6 1 8 8 2 2002 5 . 8 8 8 6 9 6 6 . 1 8 2 0 8 5 5 . 8 8 8 6 9 2003 5 . 9 6 2 9 1 4 6 . 3 3 3 2 8 5 . 9 6 2 9 1 4 2004 6 . 1 1 9 0 8 5 6 . 5 0 4 2 8 8 6 . 1 1 9 0 8 5 2005 6 . 4 5 6 8 2 6 . 6 3 5 9 4 7 6 . 4 5 6 8 2 2006 6 . 7 8 8 0 0 1 6 . 7 5 3 4 3 8 6 . 7 8 8 0 0 1 2007 6 . 7 0 0 3 9 3 7 . 0 0 7 6 0 1 6 . 7 0 0 3 9 3 2008 7 . 0 5 3 3 7 5 6 . 9 7 2 6 0 6 7 . 0 5 3 3 7 5 2009 6 . 3 5 2 1 5 4 7 . 0 8 3 3 8 8 6 . 3 5 2 1 5 4 42 13 Indonesia Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 1 7 9 3 8 7 6 . 4 3 1 3 3 1 6 . 2 9 3 5 3 7 1991 1 . 3 1 3 3 5 5 6 . 5 2 7 9 5 8 6 . 1 2 2 3 1 3 1992 1 . 6 6 2 8 3 5 6 . 5 9 3 0 4 5 5 . 9 8 2 9 3 4 1993 1 . 8 6 3 1 8 2 6 . 7 0 4 4 1 4 6 . 1 8 4 8 3 3 1994 1 . 9 8 4 9 1 6 . 8 0 2 3 9 5 6 . 2 4 8 9 4 2 1995 2 . 0 2 6 9 9 9 6 . 9 2 1 6 5 8 6 . 0 3 0 1 7 6 1996 2 . 2 0 9 8 2 9 7 . 0 2 4 6 4 9 5 . 8 7 0 1 2 7 1997 2 . 4 2 3 5 5 6 6 . 9 5 8 4 4 8 6 . 1 0 9 8 5 1 1998 2 . 4 8 0 9 0 2 6 . 1 2 9 0 5 5 . 8 9 0 5 5 7 1999 2 . 5 7 7 5 1 4 6 . 4 9 9 7 8 7 5 . 8 3 9 7 9 6 2000 2 . 5 9 2 7 4 1 6 . 6 5 0 2 7 9 6 . 0 3 9 6 4 2 2001 2 . 6 8 0 7 1 5 6 . 6 0 9 3 4 9 5 . 9 4 3 6 6 7 2002 2 . 6 6 6 2 1 6 6 . 7 9 4 5 8 7 5 . 9 2 4 6 1 6 2003 2 . 7 0 2 4 9 7 6 . 9 6 4 1 3 6 6 . 0 6 7 0 3 1 2004 2 . 7 8 4 1 7 4 7 . 0 4 1 4 1 2 6 . 2 3 0 3 1 7 2005 2 . 7 7 8 0 2 7 7 . 1 3 7 2 7 8 6 . 4 7 7 9 9 7 2006 2 . 7 6 5 9 6 5 7 . 3 6 8 9 7 6 . 4 2 5 8 5 2007 2 . 9 1 2 4 0 8 7 . 5 2 7 7 9 4 6 . 6 2 3 3 3 4 2008 2 . 9 3 8 6 4 5 7 . 6 8 3 4 0 4 6 . 7 0 5 3 3 8 2009 2 . 9 2 5 8 6 6 7 . 7 2 8 4 1 6 6 . 6 9 3 7 9 4 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 - 0 . 3 3 3 7 9 6 . 4 3 1 3 3 1 6 . 6 5 5 0 1 1 1991 - 0 . 3 5 0 9 7 6 . 5 2 7 9 5 8 6 . 1 9 5 3 7 7 1992 - 0 . 7 5 5 2 6 6 . 5 9 3 0 4 5 6 . 0 7 3 2 1 3 1993 - 0 . 8 5 8 4 1 6 . 7 0 4 4 1 4 6 . 0 6 3 7 1 3 1994 - 0 . 2 9 9 7 1 6 . 8 0 2 3 9 5 6 . 2 7 4 6 4 7 1995 - 0 . 2 2 9 0 2 6 . 9 2 1 6 5 8 6 . 5 2 9 7 4 6 1996 0 . 0 3 5 7 8 8 7 . 0 2 4 6 4 9 6 . 3 6 7 3 1 4 1997 0 . 1 1 2 7 3 4 6 . 9 5 8 4 4 8 6 . 1 1 2 0 8 9 1998 - 0 . 7 8 3 0 9 6 . 1 2 9 0 5 5 . 8 4 2 1 8 4 1999 - 0 . 0 0 2 7 6 . 4 9 9 7 8 7 6 . 0 5 2 5 6 2 2000 - 0 . 4 1 0 0 7 6 . 6 5 0 2 7 9 6 . 2 3 4 2 4 7 2001 - 0 . 2 6 3 4 6 6 . 6 0 9 3 4 9 6 . 3 1 3 5 1 4 2002 - 0 . 1 9 9 3 6 . 7 9 4 5 8 7 5 . 9 8 6 3 6 8 2003 0 . 3 3 2 0 5 6 . 9 6 4 1 3 6 6 . 0 4 4 1 1 9 2004 0 . 3 1 4 5 4 8 7 . 0 4 1 4 1 2 6 . 1 7 4 4 8 6 2005 0 . 2 6 7 4 8 9 7 . 1 3 7 2 7 8 6 . 2 5 9 8 2 2006 0 . 2 1 6 8 6 3 7 . 3 6 8 9 7 6 . 3 2 6 4 3 6 2007 0 . 3 6 8 3 1 1 7 . 5 2 7 7 9 4 6 . 3 0 1 8 8 5 2008 0 . 5 9 9 2 8 2 7 . 6 8 3 4 0 4 6 . 5 5 1 8 3 5 2009 0 . 6 6 4 1 5 3 7 . 7 2 8 4 1 6 6 . 3 8 8 6 1 2 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 0 . 6 2 0 7 7 4 6 . 4 3 1 3 3 1 6 . 7 4 8 0 5 1991 0 . 6 4 3 4 1 6 . 5 2 7 9 5 8 6 . 5 7 6 5 7 7 1992 0 . 8 8 9 6 9 5 6 . 5 9 3 0 4 5 6 . 5 8 7 3 9 1993 0 . 6 9 4 7 7 1 6 . 7 0 4 4 1 4 6 . 4 8 9 4 5 5 1994 1 . 0 2 8 4 5 3 6 . 8 0 2 3 9 5 6 . 6 4 3 9 1 8 1995 0 . 9 9 9 1 0 8 6 . 9 2 1 6 5 8 6 . 7 2 1 8 0 7 1996 1 . 0 7 3 1 4 9 7 . 0 2 4 6 4 9 6 . 7 2 2 0 4 1997 1 . 4 3 3 9 8 8 6 . 9 5 8 4 4 8 6 . 7 3 9 2 5 4 1998 . 4 9 7 9 5 6 . 1 2 9 0 5 6 . 3 7 3 9 6 6 1999 1 . 2 4 8 0 9 6 . 4 9 9 7 8 7 6 . 3 2 7 1 5 9 2000 1 . 5 8 6 5 6 . 6 5 0 2 7 9 6 . 5 8 2 7 6 3 2001 1 . 6 6 9 8 4 9 6 . 6 0 9 3 4 9 6 . 4 3 5 6 1 2002 1 . 6 8 0 6 4 5 6 . 7 9 4 5 8 7 6 . 4 4 0 3 2 7 2003 1 . 7 2 1 7 8 6 6 . 9 6 4 1 3 6 6 . 4 8 1 2 0 9 2004 . 3 5 0 2 8 1 7 . 0 4 1 4 1 2 6 . 5 7 9 6 0 9 2005 0 . 6 8 2 6 6 4 7 . 1 3 7 2 7 8 6 . 5 9 9 8 5 4 2006 - 2 . 1 5 8 0 7 7 . 3 6 8 9 7 6 . 6 2 5 7 2 1 2007 0 . 2 6 4 0 2 7 . 5 2 7 7 9 4 6 . 7 0 6 0 6 3 2008 2 . 6 1 6 7 5 7 . 6 8 3 4 0 4 6 . 8 3 5 4 5 1 2009 2 . 6 7 8 1 4 6 7 . 7 2 8 4 1 6 6 . 7 1 3 4 9 6 43 14 Ireland Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 7 5 6 1 3 9 9 . 5 2 0 4 6 9 6 . 8 9 7 1 1 7 1991 3 . 7 8 1 3 2 9 9 . 5 2 4 5 6 7 6 . 8 9 7 1 1 7 1992 3 . 7 1 8 8 5 5 9 . 6 3 4 0 3 8 6 . 8 3 3 4 9 1 1993 3 . 4 7 5 9 1 2 9 . 5 6 5 4 2 4 6 . 6 1 8 5 4 2 1994 3 . 7 1 7 1 2 2 9 . 6 4 8 8 5 3 6 . 8 4 1 9 4 9 1995 3 . 3 1 5 8 9 2 9 . 8 2 9 6 2 6 6 . 8 8 8 9 2 4 1996 4 . 4 9 4 1 8 1 9 . 9 1 9 8 5 3 7 . 0 1 2 8 2 6 1997 3 . 5 2 7 8 8 1 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 6 . 7 4 0 3 5 9 1998 3 . 9 7 9 2 8 2 1 0 . 0 7 4 6 6 6 . 8 6 9 5 4 6 1999 3 . 8 4 4 1 0 . 1 5 3 4 7 6 . 9 1 2 9 1 8 2000 3 . 9 7 1 0 8 5 1 0 . 1 4 3 5 7 6 . 8 4 0 6 5 6 2001 3 . 8 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 6 . 8 4 6 5 6 3 2002 3 . 7 6 3 2 7 1 1 0 . 3 4 9 0 1 6 . 7 7 0 3 1 8 2003 3 . 8 0 9 5 3 4 1 0 . 5 8 5 0 7 6 . 9 7 1 1 1 2 2004 3 . 7 0 2 5 3 3 1 0 . 7 2 6 7 6 7 . 1 7 5 2 4 1 2005 3 . 6 6 9 7 0 2 1 0 . 7 8 9 7 9 7 . 0 3 7 0 6 2 2006 3 . 8 4 8 9 8 8 1 0 . 8 6 3 2 2 7 . 0 6 0 9 4 2007 4 . 0 1 0 7 1 1 0 . 9 9 3 5 5 7 . 1 8 0 0 0 5 2008 3 . 9 6 9 6 5 2 1 0 . 9 9 4 9 6 7 . 5 4 1 7 9 2009 3 . 7 3 5 5 1 9 1 0 . 8 1 4 5 2 7 . 1 3 2 0 0 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 9 5 7 5 0 6 9 . 5 2 0 4 6 9 7 . 1 7 4 7 8 1 1991 3 . 3 8 3 7 3 9 . 5 2 4 5 6 7 6 . 9 1 5 1 9 1992 3 . 1 1 5 2 9 3 9 . 6 3 4 0 3 8 7 . 0 5 4 9 1 4 1993 3 . 2 0 4 5 2 6 9 . 5 6 5 4 2 4 6 . 8 6 5 1 9 1994 3 . 3 0 3 9 3 5 9 . 6 4 8 8 5 3 6 . 8 8 5 2 1995 3 . 4 6 8 4 5 7 9 . 2 9 6 2 6 7 . 1 3 0 1 6 5 1996 3 . 3 3 0 0 5 4 9 . 9 1 9 8 5 3 7 . 4 5 7 0 8 2 1997 3 . 5 7 1 4 7 1 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 7 . 0 6 4 8 1 3 1998 3 . 3 2 7 8 6 4 1 0 . 0 7 4 6 6 6 . 9 8 7 9 4 8 1999 3 . 6 8 3 7 3 1 0 . 1 5 3 4 7 6 . 9 1 6 4 7 1 2000 3 . 1 3 6 5 3 1 0 . 1 4 3 5 7 6 . 9 2 1 0 0 1 2001 3 . 1 3 9 2 9 1 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 7 . 0 0 6 5 7 1 2002 3 . 2 5 0 8 0 8 1 0 . 3 4 9 0 1 6 . 9 3 3 0 7 4 2003 3 . 2 9 0 3 5 5 1 0 . 5 8 5 0 7 7 . 0 5 8 7 2004 2 . 8 6 2 2 2 3 1 0 . 7 2 6 7 6 7 . 2 2 0 0 6 9 2005 2 . 7 0 5 2 3 7 1 0 . 7 8 9 7 9 7 . 2 1 3 9 2 2006 3 . 1 3 2 5 5 6 1 0 . 8 6 3 2 2 7 . 2 0 3 6 5 2 2007 3 . 1 6 0 1 5 5 1 0 . 9 9 3 5 5 7 . 2 6 2 8 2 4 2008 3 . 2 3 0 3 3 7 1 0 . 9 9 4 9 6 7 . 2 0 9 8 6 1 2009 3 . 1 2 2 8 1 9 1 0 . 8 1 4 5 2 7 . 1 5 4 7 2 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 6 0 5 1 5 8 9 . 5 2 0 4 6 9 6 . 6 0 6 3 2 8 1991 2 . 6 0 5 1 5 8 9 . 5 2 4 5 6 7 6 . 6 0 6 3 2 8 1992 2 . 6 7 2 0 9 3 9 . 6 3 4 0 3 8 6 . 6 3 1 0 5 3 1993 2 . 7 2 3 5 9 . 5 6 5 4 2 4 6 . 2 0 8 2 9 5 1994 2 . 7 1 3 5 7 9 9 . 6 4 8 8 5 3 6 . 2 3 8 6 0 8 1995 2 . 6 0 5 1 5 8 9 . 8 2 9 6 2 6 6 . 4 6 3 8 0 9 1996 2 . 7 2 6 5 1 9 9 . 9 1 9 8 5 3 6 . 7 3 5 1 3 5 1997 2 . 7 5 4 6 9 1 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 6 . 4 6 8 4 6 4 1998 2 . 7 6 8 4 8 3 1 0 . 0 7 4 6 6 6 . 4 6 0 1 1 9 1999 2 . 8 7 2 4 7 3 1 0 . 1 5 3 4 7 6 . 4 0 6 8 8 2000 2 . 6 2 1 1 5 9 1 0 . 1 4 3 5 7 6 . 4 0 2 1 0 1 2001 2 . 8 4 4 3 0 2 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 6 . 4 6 7 3 4 4 2002 2 . 8 2 4 1 2 5 1 0 . 3 4 9 0 1 6 . 5 6 2 3 6 2003 2 . 9 6 9 1 2 9 1 0 . 5 8 5 0 7 6 . 6 2 4 8 4 7 2004 3 . 0 0 8 4 4 9 1 0 . 7 2 6 7 6 6 . 5 3 2 3 9 6 2005 3 . 3 8 1 9 3 5 1 0 . 7 8 9 7 9 6 . 4 1 4 5 7 8 2006 3 . 2 5 4 2 0 2 1 0 . 8 6 3 2 2 6 . 4 4 1 5 6 2 2007 3 . 4 6 1 6 3 1 1 0 . 9 9 3 5 5 6 . 5 4 4 3 4 2 2008 3 . 4 3 1 2 8 4 1 0 . 9 9 4 9 6 6 . 5 7 1 5 4 5 2009 2 . 8 9 5 6 5 9 1 0 . 8 1 4 5 2 6 . 5 3 7 6 2 5 44 15 Italy Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 1 8 5 3 4 5 9 . 9 0 2 6 3 7 6 . 6 9 2 1 7 3 1991 4 . 2 0 8 8 5 2 9 . 9 5 5 0 8 3 6 . 6 0 0 1 0 2 1992 4 . 2 8 3 4 7 3 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 6 . 6 9 4 0 1 8 1993 4 . 2 7 2 6 2 9 9 . 7 9 6 1 8 1 6 . 4 7 3 5 6 3 1994 4 . 3 9 6 4 9 9 9 . 8 2 7 6 8 6 6 . 3 8 2 9 1 1995 4 . 3 7 4 1 5 5 9 . 8 9 3 8 9 2 6 . 7 6 6 2 6 8 1996 4 . 3 7 1 4 5 7 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 8 6 . 5 8 9 2 4 5 1997 4 . 5 7 2 1 0 8 9 . 9 5 0 2 2 8 6 . 4 4 4 8 0 3 1998 4 . 6 0 1 2 7 1 9 . 9 7 0 4 9 2 6 . 4 4 0 8 3 5 1999 4 . 6 7 3 8 9 1 9 . 9 5 6 8 3 9 6 . 4 0 9 0 1 2000 4 . 7 5 6 7 1 9 . 8 6 6 2 5 3 6 . 4 6 1 8 6 2 2001 4 . 7 4 0 7 3 1 9 . 8 8 3 7 4 4 6 . 4 0 2 7 8 1 2002 4 . 8 0 9 4 1 7 9 . 9 6 7 6 8 2 6 . 4 4 2 0 9 3 2003 4 . 8 1 5 3 1 2 1 0 . 1 7 2 1 4 6 . 6 1 0 2 7 8 2004 4 . 8 1 1 0 6 8 1 0 . 2 9 8 9 6 . 6 6 3 3 2 8 2005 4 . 7 5 3 8 1 1 1 0 . 3 1 9 9 6 6 . 5 2 5 9 4 6 2006 4 . 7 6 9 4 4 3 1 0 . 3 6 1 3 6 6 . 7 0 1 2 4 1 2007 4 . 7 8 0 3 7 5 1 0 . 4 8 1 2 5 6 . 8 2 6 5 8 7 2008 4 . 7 1 7 7 4 2 1 0 . 5 5 5 3 4 6 . 9 0 9 0 1 2 2009 4 . 6 1 4 3 7 4 1 0 . 4 6 5 1 9 6 . 7 4 4 1 3 1 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 2 8 4 7 1 3 9 . 9 0 2 6 3 7 6 . 6 1 4 0 5 5 1991 2 . 1 8 4 3 6 5 9 . 9 5 5 0 8 3 6 . 5 6 6 0 0 1 1992 2 . 2 5 1 2 7 3 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 6 . 3 6 8 5 6 2 1993 2 . 1 9 0 8 7 9 9 . 7 9 6 1 8 1 6 . 1 0 4 8 0 8 1994 2 . 3 2 4 1 2 7 9 . 8 2 7 6 8 6 6 . 1 6 2 8 7 7 1995 2 . 3 1 9 2 8 5 9 . 8 9 3 8 9 2 6 . 6 2 3 0 2 9 1996 2 . 1 7 5 0 6 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 8 6 . 6 7 1 5 5 6 1997 2 . 3 0 6 2 5 5 9 . 9 5 0 2 2 8 6 . 3 1 9 8 2 8 1998 2 . 3 5 8 4 7 4 9 . 9 7 0 4 9 2 6 . 2 7 3 9 4 8 1999 2 . 3 6 8 2 2 9 9 . 9 5 6 8 3 9 6 . 3 0 5 5 9 9 2000 2 . 4 5 6 2 5 4 9 . 8 6 6 2 5 3 6 . 2 0 1 8 3 5 2001 2 . 5 1 8 1 8 9 9 . 8 8 3 7 4 4 6 . 3 4 7 2 9 9 2002 2 . 4 7 0 8 1 1 9 . 9 6 7 6 8 2 6 . 2 8 3 0 5 9 2003 2 . 5 1 3 4 4 4 1 0 . 1 7 2 1 4 6 . 3 5 7 2 1 5 2004 2 . 5 5 5 3 8 1 1 0 . 2 9 8 9 6 . 3 9 9 4 2 7 2005 2 . 5 5 1 6 2 1 1 0 . 3 1 9 9 6 6 . 4 2 1 1 6 1 2006 2 . 6 1 5 7 7 1 0 . 3 6 1 3 6 6 . 4 8 7 9 6 1 2007 2 . 6 1 5 5 1 5 1 0 . 4 8 1 2 5 6 . 5 8 8 0 7 2008 2 . 5 8 1 1 1 9 1 0 . 5 5 5 3 4 6 . 6 5 1 2 1 8 2009 2 . 4 2 5 3 3 1 1 0 . 4 6 5 1 9 6 . 6 1 9 3 3 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 7 1 0 4 2 2 9 . 9 0 2 6 3 7 7 . 0 9 5 5 2 7 1991 3 . 7 2 4 8 1 9 . 9 5 5 0 8 3 6 . 9 8 2 1 1 9 1992 3 . 8 2 5 7 8 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 6 . 8 6 4 2 4 1993 3 . 7 7 5 6 0 3 9 . 7 9 6 1 8 1 6 . 7 6 1 2 8 6 1994 3 . 9 0 1 4 9 4 9 . 8 2 7 6 8 6 6 . 7 0 9 4 1 4 1995 3 . 8 5 7 9 9 5 9 . 8 9 3 8 9 2 7 . 0 4 6 9 7 3 1996 3 . 8 4 4 7 0 8 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 8 6 . 9 0 7 4 8 6 1997 3 . 9 3 1 6 3 1 9 . 9 5 0 2 2 8 6 . 7 1 7 1 1 1998 3 . 8 6 3 9 5 1 9 . 9 7 0 4 9 2 6 . 9 1 1 6 4 6 1999 4 . 0 1 8 4 2 7 9 . 9 5 6 8 3 9 6 . 6 4 7 9 8 5 2000 4 . 0 1 8 4 2 7 9 . 8 6 6 2 5 3 6 . 6 5 7 9 7 8 2001 4 . 0 5 1 1 6 6 9 . 8 8 3 7 4 4 6 . 6 2 8 7 0 1 2002 3 . 9 8 5 0 3 6 9 . 9 6 7 6 8 2 6 . 6 4 1 5 1 2 2003 4 . 0 4 2 4 0 8 1 0 . 1 7 2 1 4 6 . 7 5 4 4 4 4 2004 4 . 0 6 7 4 4 9 1 0 . 2 9 8 9 6 . 7 8 9 8 4 4 2005 4 . 0 9 1 7 1 1 0 . 3 1 9 9 6 6 . 7 6 4 7 1 6 2006 4 . 1 3 5 8 3 7 1 0 . 3 6 1 3 6 6 . 7 8 8 3 0 5 2007 4 . 1 0 8 7 6 8 1 0 . 4 8 1 2 5 6 . 8 9 0 2 9 8 2008 4 . 1 4 6 3 7 1 0 . 5 5 5 3 4 6 . 9 7 3 0 0 5 2009 4 . 0 5 9 4 2 6 1 0 . 4 6 5 1 9 6 . 9 0 9 8 7 8 45 16 Japan Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 7 9 1 7 8 5 1 0 . 1 1 6 7 4 7 . 4 9 5 4 5 9 1991 4 . 8 1 4 2 9 3 1 0 . 2 4 4 2 7 7 . 4 4 9 7 4 4 1992 4 . 7 7 6 9 1 2 1 0 . 3 2 7 3 5 7 . 2 6 7 8 2 6 1993 4 . 7 8 0 6 8 7 1 0 . 4 6 1 1 7 . 2 9 7 1 5 2 1994 4 . 8 1 5 9 8 3 1 0 . 5 5 1 7 4 7 . 3 6 4 5 4 3 1995 4 . 8 3 9 1 2 5 1 0 . 6 4 4 6 6 7 . 5 7 7 8 2 5 1996 4 . 8 5 6 7 7 4 1 0 . 5 1 6 4 7 . 4 1 4 2 6 8 1997 4 . 8 7 0 2 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 8 2 2 7 . 2 4 3 2 7 5 1998 4 . 8 1 5 3 6 7 1 0 . 3 2 5 8 8 7 . 3 3 1 4 1999 4 . 8 2 1 5 0 6 1 0 . 4 4 8 5 7 7 . 2 2 5 9 8 8 2000 4 . 8 5 7 7 5 5 1 0 . 5 1 2 9 5 7 . 1 9 0 5 8 3 2001 4 . 8 2 4 7 1 9 1 0 . 3 8 0 0 3 7 . 0 6 6 7 9 3 2002 4 . 8 3 0 8 6 4 1 0 . 3 3 3 4 8 7 . 3 7 0 7 5 6 2003 4 . 8 2 4 5 3 1 1 0 . 4 0 7 6 8 7 . 3 4 0 2 8 1 2004 4 . 8 2 3 6 5 1 0 . 4 9 2 6 9 7 . 5 2 5 1 5 3 2005 4 . 8 2 3 5 4 5 1 0 . 4 8 0 8 6 7 . 6 0 8 3 6 9 2006 4 . 8 2 5 8 5 1 1 0 . 4 3 8 4 6 7 . 6 4 5 5 1 3 2007 4 . 7 8 8 2 7 5 1 0 . 4 4 1 8 5 7 . 3 5 1 0 9 4 2008 4 . 7 6 8 2 4 5 1 0 . 5 5 0 9 7 . 5 5 5 9 8 5 2009 4 . 6 6 8 4 5 9 1 0 . 5 8 2 9 4 7 . 8 1 3 1 8 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 3 9 0 4 0 7 1 0 . 1 1 6 7 4 6 . 5 4 4 8 2 6 1991 3 . 3 9 9 0 2 8 1 0 . 2 4 4 2 7 6 . 5 7 4 6 7 6 1992 3 . 3 6 8 6 5 9 1 0 . 3 2 7 3 5 6 . 6 2 2 4 1 2 1993 3 . 2 8 4 5 1 7 1 0 . 4 6 1 1 6 . 7 4 5 7 6 9 1994 3 . 3 0 3 9 7 1 1 0 . 5 5 1 7 4 6 . 7 7 1 3 2 1995 3 . 3 3 3 1 5 5 1 0 . 6 4 4 6 6 6 . 8 8 7 7 1 6 1996 3 . 3 7 9 3 6 5 1 0 . 5 1 6 4 6 . 7 6 7 9 1997 3 . 3 9 1 2 2 5 1 0 . 4 2 8 2 2 6 . 6 2 2 0 7 1998 3 . 3 9 2 1 4 8 1 0 . 3 2 5 8 8 6 . 5 4 7 0 4 9 1999 3 . 3 8 0 2 1 9 1 0 . 4 4 8 5 7 6 . 6 3 5 5 1 1 2000 3 . 4 1 7 6 4 3 1 0 . 5 1 2 9 5 6 . 6 7 3 9 2 3 2001 3 . 4 1 9 1 8 3 1 0 . 3 8 0 0 3 6 . 5 0 4 9 1 4 2002 3 . 4 1 3 0 0 9 1 0 . 3 3 3 4 8 6 . 3 9 6 1 1 2 2003 3 . 3 9 6 8 7 9 1 0 . 4 0 7 6 8 6 . 4 4 7 0 6 8 2004 3 . 4 2 3 7 8 9 1 0 . 4 9 2 6 9 6 . 4 8 1 1 8 8 2005 3 . 4 1 4 2 9 8 1 0 . 4 8 0 8 6 6 . 4 6 3 8 5 5 2006 3 . 4 1 6 6 1 5 1 0 . 4 3 8 4 6 6 . 4 1 6 1 8 5 2007 3 . 3 9 7 6 6 6 1 0 . 4 4 1 8 5 6 . 4 0 9 7 3 2008 3 . 3 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 . 5 5 0 9 6 . 5 7 7 9 1 5 2009 3 . 3 0 5 2 0 8 1 0 . 5 8 2 9 4 6 . 6 4 8 3 4 6 46 17 Malaysia Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 7 5 4 0 0 7 7 . 7 9 0 6 9 6 3 . 3 2 2 7 4 6 1991 3 . 0 8 1 9 3 6 7 . 8 7 3 2 1 7 4 . 3 7 3 2 6 7 1992 3 . 4 9 2 5 7 8 8 . 0 3 2 6 8 5 1 . 7 7 2 8 5 5 1993 3 . 2 3 9 0 6 5 8 . 1 3 0 0 5 9 4 . 3 7 3 2 6 7 1994 3 . 3 6 8 8 8 9 8 . 2 1 2 2 9 7 1 . 7 7 2 8 5 5 1995 3 . 4 5 3 0 9 2 8 . 3 6 3 3 4 2 2 . 7 3 7 1 0 3 1996 3 . 6 4 2 9 6 1 8 . 4 6 5 2 6 8 1 . 1 7 6 7 7 7 1997 3 . 5 8 8 7 7 1 8 . 4 3 3 5 9 4 5 . 9 5 5 1 7 2 1998 3 . 5 5 7 6 7 8 . 0 8 1 1 6 6 6 . 8 7 2 5 3 3 1999 3 . 7 6 9 8 0 8 8 . 1 4 9 3 1 3 6 . 4 3 5 2 3 3 2000 3 . 5 1 9 8 4 1 8 . 2 9 5 5 4 9 6 . 4 3 5 2 3 3 2001 3 . 6 6 9 3 0 8 8 . 2 6 1 5 2 6 4 . 8 2 3 3 8 7 2002 3 . 6 6 0 1 7 9 8 . 3 2 2 1 5 1 3 . 7 4 2 9 7 6 2003 3 . 5 8 3 2 0 5 8 . 3 8 8 9 0 5 4 . 6 3 4 7 4 9 2004 3 . 7 4 7 1 6 2 8 . 4 9 1 8 7 5 5 . 1 1 1 3 8 1 2005 3 . 6 9 7 9 3 6 8 . 5 7 2 8 1 7 5 . 0 6 4 9 1 6 2006 3 . 8 7 8 4 5 8 8 . 6 8 1 0 1 1 5 . 0 6 4 2 9 2007 3 . 9 3 5 6 0 6 8 . 8 4 0 0 0 1 5 . 0 6 4 2 9 2008 3 . 8 8 0 4 5 7 8 . 9 9 9 4 9 6 4 . 8 2 3 3 8 7 2009 4 . 1 5 9 6 8 . 8 3 9 5 6 7 5 . 0 6 4 9 1 6 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 9 4 9 8 1 5 7 . 7 9 0 6 9 6 5 . 8 0 0 6 3 5 1991 2 . 1 6 1 9 7 . 8 3 2 1 7 5 . 6 4 7 6 7 9 1992 2 . 4 3 6 5 4 8 . 0 3 2 6 8 5 6 . 7 2 2 1 2 4 1993 2 . 4 7 6 3 1 2 8 . 1 3 0 0 5 9 6 . 0 1 3 1 8 4 1994 2 . 5 3 7 5 8 2 8 . 2 1 2 2 9 7 6 . 4 3 5 6 4 7 1995 2 . 1 4 1 9 7 4 8 . 3 6 3 3 4 2 6 . 4 8 9 8 8 8 1996 2 . 5 6 5 6 4 5 8 . 4 6 5 2 6 8 6 . 7 2 3 9 1 4 1997 2 . 2 8 6 7 8 6 8 . 4 3 3 5 9 4 6 . 4 2 7 1 9 5 1998 2 . 3 2 7 1 9 2 8 . 0 8 1 1 6 6 6 . 5 4 6 8 6 3 1999 3 . 1 0 0 0 6 8 . 1 4 9 3 1 3 5 . 9 5 3 1 3 8 2000 2 . 5 5 5 5 5 6 8 . 2 9 5 5 4 9 6 . 4 1 6 9 3 1 2001 2 . 5 8 7 1 1 6 8 . 2 6 1 5 2 6 6 . 4 1 6 9 3 1 2002 2 . 3 9 9 5 7 8 . 3 2 2 1 5 1 7 . 0 1 0 3 5 2003 3 . 2 2 3 0 0 3 8 . 3 8 8 9 0 5 6 . 9 8 2 5 4 7 2004 3 . 5 6 9 7 3 2 8 . 4 9 1 8 7 5 7 . 4 4 0 4 5 5 2005 3 . 9 0 0 0 9 6 8 . 5 7 2 8 1 7 7 . 8 2 5 9 6 3 2006 4 . 0 2 6 2 1 7 8 . 6 8 1 0 1 1 7 . 6 2 5 5 5 8 2007 3 . 7 7 9 8 . 8 4 0 0 0 1 8 . 2 7 8 4 1 7 2008 3 . 6 5 5 1 3 1 8 . 9 9 9 4 9 6 8 . 2 7 8 4 1 7 2009 3 . 6 6 6 9 2 5 8 . 8 3 9 5 6 7 8 . 2 7 8 4 1 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 6 9 2 8 8 5 7 . 7 9 0 6 9 6 6 . 1 4 7 4 6 9 1991 1 . 9 1 0 2 9 8 7 . 8 7 3 2 1 7 6 . 3 9 6 1 8 9 1992 2 . 0 6 3 0 4 2 8 . 0 3 2 6 8 5 6 . 1 1 9 5 6 4 1993 1 . 8 0 7 4 8 9 8 . 1 3 0 0 5 9 6 . 0 2 8 8 7 6 1994 2 . 0 2 0 5 0 6 8 . 2 1 2 2 9 7 6 . 7 0 5 9 4 2 1995 2 . 3 4 6 2 9 2 8 . 3 6 3 3 4 2 6 . 6 0 8 4 4 4 1996 2 . 1 3 3 2 3 3 8 . 4 6 5 2 6 8 6 . 5 0 5 6 2 9 1997 2 . 3 6 2 3 7 8 8 . 4 3 3 5 9 4 6 . 2 6 7 9 0 9 1998 1 . 9 5 3 2 5 8 . 0 8 1 1 6 6 6 . 1 3 3 6 5 2 1999 1 . 9 3 6 0 8 6 8 . 1 4 9 3 1 3 6 . 2 2 0 5 4 6 2000 2 . 4 9 3 6 6 3 8 . 2 9 5 5 4 9 6 . 3 9 4 7 5 6 2001 2 . 6 3 4 8 1 9 8 . 2 6 1 5 2 6 6 . 3 9 4 7 5 6 2002 2 . 6 3 4 8 1 9 8 . 3 2 2 1 5 1 6 . 0 5 6 8 6 3 2003 2 . 6 6 5 3 5 8 . 3 8 8 9 0 5 6 . 2 5 9 1 3 2004 2 . 8 4 0 6 8 4 8 . 4 9 1 8 7 5 6 . 3 4 6 5 2 6 2005 2 . 5 5 8 0 2 2 8 . 5 7 2 8 1 7 6 . 3 7 3 3 1 9 2006 2 . 4 7 5 8 1 4 8 . 6 8 1 0 1 1 6 . 3 7 3 3 1 9 2007 2 . 4 7 5 8 1 4 8 . 8 4 0 0 0 1 6 . 6 6 6 9 8 2 2008 2 . 4 9 6 5 4 8 8 . 9 9 9 4 9 6 6 . 6 6 6 9 8 2 2009 2 . 5 5 3 0 6 2 8 . 8 3 9 5 6 7 6 . 6 6 6 9 8 2 47 18 Netherland Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 5 3 0 6 6 1 9 . 8 8 9 4 3 9 6 . 8 3 3 6 4 5 1991 4 . 5 6 4 0 3 9 9 . 9 0 9 9 6 7 6 . 7 8 6 4 1 1 1992 4 . 6 1 1 3 5 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 4 6 . 4 2 9 7 9 9 1993 4 . 6 3 0 0 7 9 9 . 9 7 2 7 3 4 6 . 4 1 4 0 8 8 1994 4 . 6 4 3 9 7 6 1 0 . 0 3 5 9 6 6 . 5 1 7 0 1 2 1995 4 . 6 9 2 2 4 6 1 0 . 2 0 7 2 9 6 . 7 6 3 4 7 6 1996 4 . 7 0 8 0 1 1 1 0 . 2 0 1 2 6 6 . 6 6 0 6 4 1 1997 4 . 7 2 3 5 3 2 1 0 . 1 1 7 2 7 6 . 4 9 4 4 7 3 1998 4 . 8 0 1 5 0 6 1 0 . 1 5 2 3 6 . 6 2 4 5 1999 4 . 9 7 5 2 6 1 0 . 1 6 7 1 2 6 . 6 4 2 4 9 7 2000 4 . 6 9 8 2 5 5 1 0 . 0 9 3 2 8 6 . 5 2 1 0 6 2001 4 . 8 4 7 5 3 9 1 0 . 1 2 5 3 9 6 . 5 7 7 3 3 3 2002 4 . 9 0 0 5 7 3 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 6 . 4 9 5 4 4 6 2003 4 . 8 1 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 9 6 1 6 . 6 5 7 9 5 1 2004 4 . 8 1 0 5 0 4 1 0 . 5 3 0 9 8 6 . 6 7 5 7 9 2005 4 . 8 5 5 8 5 5 1 0 . 5 7 4 4 4 6 . 7 1 7 6 2 4 2006 4 . 7 3 5 4 6 3 1 0 . 6 3 2 4 6 6 . 7 5 1 4 2 2007 4 . 7 6 1 5 1 6 1 0 . 7 7 4 1 7 6 . 9 5 4 0 3 5 2008 4 . 9 0 1 6 4 1 1 0 . 8 7 7 1 2 7 . 1 9 4 9 0 6 2009 4 . 8 7 2 1 9 1 0 . 7 7 8 9 1 7 . 2 1 6 9 4 2 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 5 1 7 6 1 9 . 8 8 9 4 3 9 6 . 6 5 6 8 8 2 1991 3 . 6 2 6 2 4 7 9 . 9 0 9 9 6 7 6 . 4 7 1 3 1 4 1992 3 . 7 0 8 6 3 2 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 4 6 . 5 8 8 4 5 4 1993 . 8 1 8 5 6 4 9 . 9 7 2 7 3 4 6 . 5 0 3 4 0 6 1994 3 . 2 3 9 6 9 5 1 0 . 0 3 5 9 6 6 . 2 5 8 2 8 4 1995 . 4 1 4 0 1 9 1 0 . 2 0 7 2 9 6 . 4 0 6 4 5 4 1996 3 . 4 5 2 0 0 7 1 0 . 2 0 1 2 6 6 . 5 3 2 9 1 2 1997 3 . 6 9 3 1 6 9 1 0 . 1 1 7 2 7 6 . 4 8 4 7 3 3 1998 3 . 6 8 2 5 4 7 1 0 . 1 5 2 3 6 . 4 0 1 2 7 1 1999 4 . 3 2 1 7 7 8 1 0 . 1 6 7 1 2 7 . 0 3 8 8 1 2 2000 3 . 4 9 1 0 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 3 2 8 6 . 4 5 8 6 2 2001 3 . 7 2 1 3 4 1 0 . 1 2 5 3 9 6 . 5 3 3 9 1 2 2002 3 . 7 0 6 6 2 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 6 . 5 4 6 9 5 1 2003 3 . 6 9 9 5 4 7 1 0 . 4 0 9 6 1 6 . 6 8 3 3 9 8 2004 3 . 9 7 1 2 0 6 1 0 . 5 3 0 9 8 6 . 7 6 0 2 0 3 2005 3 . 9 2 1 0 6 3 1 0 . 5 7 4 4 4 6 . 6 8 3 5 0 2 2006 3 . 8 9 6 7 1 7 1 0 . 6 3 2 4 6 6 . 6 5 2 0 3 2007 4 . 1 0 3 8 7 8 1 0 . 7 7 4 1 7 6 . 8 3 5 8 6 7 2008 4 . 1 8 1 7 8 5 1 0 . 8 7 7 1 2 6 . 9 3 9 9 1 2 2009 4 . 1 3 9 1 7 1 0 . 7 7 8 9 1 7 . 0 4 6 8 2 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 3 8 4 0 2 8 9 . 8 8 9 4 3 9 6 . 5 4 2 1 9 2 1991 3 . 3 2 4 0 8 7 9 . 9 0 9 9 6 7 6 . 5 3 8 3 5 5 1992 3 . 2 6 4 6 0 9 1 0 . 0 0 5 6 4 6 . 4 4 0 2 4 8 1993 3 . 3 7 8 6 7 6 9 . 9 7 2 7 3 4 6 . 2 3 7 9 8 1994 3 . 4 2 9 0 1 7 1 0 . 0 3 5 9 6 6 . 2 3 2 0 9 8 1995 3 . 5 3 0 3 1 0 . 2 0 7 2 9 6 . 5 0 3 8 5 6 1996 3 . 3 8 6 4 5 8 1 0 . 2 0 1 2 6 6 . 5 9 8 9 5 1 1997 3 . 4 9 6 4 5 9 1 0 . 1 1 7 2 7 6 . 2 8 7 9 4 5 1998 3 . 6 3 1 9 5 8 1 0 . 1 5 2 3 6 . 3 1 5 5 1 8 1999 3 . 8 0 5 6 4 7 1 0 . 1 6 7 1 2 6 . 2 6 9 5 2 5 2000 3 . 7 3 6 8 4 4 1 0 . 0 9 3 2 8 6 . 1 5 9 8 2 2 2001 3 . 8 0 3 7 8 3 1 0 . 1 2 5 3 9 6 . 2 5 0 7 3 7 2002 3 . 6 6 0 6 5 2 1 0 . 2 0 7 6 9 6 . 2 7 6 0 1 9 2003 3 . 5 5 0 4 1 1 1 0 . 4 0 9 6 1 6 . 3 2 4 3 0 5 2004 3 . 3 1 3 2 6 7 1 0 . 5 3 0 9 8 6 . 3 7 4 7 1 3 2005 3 . 3 3 9 2 5 4 1 0 . 5 7 4 4 4 6 . 4 0 6 1 2 6 2006 3 . 3 8 6 6 6 1 0 . 6 3 2 4 6 6 . 4 8 3 1 2 4 2007 3 . 3 2 5 1 6 3 1 0 . 7 7 4 1 7 6 . 6 1 5 2 0 5 2008 3 . 4 7 2 0 6 9 1 0 . 8 7 7 1 2 6 . 6 4 4 3 4 6 2009 2 . 9 3 2 6 2 2 1 0 . 7 7 8 9 1 6 . 5 6 9 9 5 6 48 19 Norway Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 3 2 9 1 1 7 1 0 . 2 3 0 3 4 6 . 7 5 8 5 6 2 1991 3 . 9 9 7 1 6 7 1 0 . 2 4 2 7 1 6 . 7 1 0 2 7 1992 3 . 9 2 8 5 0 2 1 0 . 3 0 6 6 8 6 . 7 3 1 0 0 2 1993 4 . 0 7 8 2 4 7 1 0 . 2 1 8 4 8 6 . 5 5 6 4 8 8 1994 4 . 1 4 3 1 5 2 1 0 . 2 6 5 1 4 6 . 4 2 4 1 8 2 1995 4 . 3 7 4 1 9 8 1 0 . 4 3 8 6 9 6 . 8 9 6 0 3 2 1996 4 . 3 0 6 4 6 4 1 0 . 5 0 6 6 3 6 . 7 6 6 1 5 6 1997 4 . 0 4 6 2 5 4 1 0 . 4 8 9 2 2 6 . 4 9 6 3 9 5 1998 4 . 0 0 3 0 2 5 1 0 . 4 3 7 1 1 6 . 5 6 1 7 7 4 1999 4 . 0 1 4 2 8 1 0 . 4 8 1 7 8 6 . 4 5 9 3 7 4 2000 3 . 8 7 5 0 5 9 1 0 . 5 3 1 3 5 6 . 4 4 5 7 9 3 2001 3 . 8 5 4 0 9 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 9 9 6 . 4 1 2 4 5 9 2002 3 . 7 5 6 2 3 8 1 0 . 6 5 2 3 8 6 . 4 6 4 9 8 8 2003 3 . 7 4 1 8 5 1 0 . 8 0 5 9 6 6 . 6 0 5 4 7 8 2004 3 . 6 7 1 1 8 4 1 0 . 9 3 8 6 6 6 . 6 6 9 7 5 8 2005 3 . 7 8 2 5 3 9 1 1 . 0 8 7 1 1 6 . 6 9 1 8 9 3 2006 3 . 7 9 1 0 2 3 1 1 . 1 8 7 8 9 6 . 6 5 3 4 3 3 2007 3 . 7 8 8 1 2 6 1 1 . 3 1 8 0 5 6 . 7 5 9 6 1 6 2008 3 . 6 7 3 6 9 9 1 1 . 4 4 4 2 9 6 . 7 5 5 6 4 6 2009 3 . 6 1 8 6 9 9 1 1 . 2 4 8 4 9 6 . 6 0 2 0 6 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 . 3 5 7 9 9 1 0 . 2 3 0 3 4 6 . 6 4 4 7 4 1 1991 3 . 5 6 8 6 9 1 0 . 2 4 2 7 1 6 . 6 3 9 0 7 8 1992 3 . 5 8 7 9 7 4 1 . 3 0 6 6 8 6 . 7 4 2 5 9 9 1993 3 . 6 7 1 2 9 6 1 0 . 2 1 8 4 8 6 . 3 1 2 5 2 7 1994 3 . 5 0 4 5 7 0 . 2 6 5 1 4 6 . 2 9 0 1 8 2 1995 3 . 6 3 2 0 0 9 1 0 . 4 3 8 6 9 6 . 7 0 7 4 5 1 1996 3 . 7 7 4 7 5 7 0 . 5 0 6 6 3 6 . 7 2 8 9 7 5 1997 4 . 3 1 1 8 4 1 1 0 . 4 8 9 2 2 6 . 4 1 3 5 6 2 1998 4 . 3 6 9 4 0 1 1 0 . 4 3 7 1 1 6 . 4 8 2 9 2 4 1999 4 . 3 2 5 1 5 6 1 0 . 4 8 1 7 8 6 . 4 6 0 8 9 8 2000 4 . 1 7 4 0 8 7 1 0 . 5 3 1 3 5 6 . 3 6 6 4 0 3 2001 3 . 9 5 4 7 8 3 1 0 . 5 4 1 9 9 6 . 3 8 8 3 4 9 2002 4 . 2 0 7 3 7 3 1 0 . 6 5 2 3 8 6 . 3 3 0 0 0 5 2003 4 . 3 9 2 4 2 9 1 0 . 8 0 5 9 6 6 . 3 7 4 9 1 9 2004 4 . 4 0 3 3 4 9 1 0 . 9 3 8 6 6 6 . 4 5 3 5 3 6 2005 4 . 5 0 3 8 9 3 1 1 . 0 8 7 1 1 6 . 5 0 2 3 6 7 2006 4 . 5 9 3 2 8 7 1 1 . 1 8 7 8 9 6 . 5 2 3 9 8 8 2007 4 . 6 6 1 5 7 8 1 . 3 1 8 0 5 6 . 5 9 0 2 5 7 2008 . 5 3 8 2 3 7 1 1 . 4 4 4 2 9 6 . 6 6 4 9 3 4 2009 . 4 0 1 8 6 1 1 . 2 4 8 4 9 6 . 7 7 3 8 1 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 8 6 4 1 8 4 1 0 . 2 3 0 3 4 6 . 3 5 0 6 0 1 1991 3 . 4 6 7 9 3 3 1 0 . 2 4 2 7 1 6 . 3 4 5 6 9 6 1992 3 . 6 4 4 8 9 4 1 0 . 3 0 6 6 8 6 . 2 0 7 0 2 1993 3 . 6 7 0 5 4 3 1 0 . 2 1 8 4 8 5 . 9 9 5 9 5 5 1994 3 . 9 3 7 0 0 1 1 0 . 2 6 5 1 4 6 . 0 1 3 9 3 3 1995 3 . 7 8 3 8 9 1 0 . 4 3 8 6 9 6 . 5 3 8 6 8 7 1996 3 . 6 5 8 1 2 1 0 . 5 0 6 6 3 6 . 5 3 8 6 8 7 1997 0 . 6 2 0 2 7 7 1 0 . 4 8 9 2 2 6 . 1 9 5 0 8 1998 2 . 5 9 7 9 3 5 1 0 . 4 3 7 1 1 6 . 4 0 8 4 9 9 1999 2 . 7 2 0 9 9 5 1 0 . 4 8 1 7 8 6 . 4 0 8 5 2 9 2000 3 . 7 7 9 3 3 4 1 0 . 5 3 1 3 5 6 . 1 4 0 7 5 7 2001 3 . 1 4 3 8 5 2 1 0 . 5 4 1 9 9 6 . 1 1 0 5 2 6 2002 3 . 3 9 4 2 0 8 1 0 . 6 5 2 3 8 6 . 1 6 6 8 2 8 2003 3 . 5 0 9 2 3 2 1 0 . 8 0 5 9 6 6 . 2 5 7 1 8 3 2004 3 . 2 9 7 0 6 9 1 0 . 9 3 8 6 6 . 2 1 1 3 7 6 2005 3 . 1 4 3 5 8 5 1 1 . 0 8 7 1 1 6 . 3 3 6 9 5 2 2006 2 . 5 2 8 7 0 3 1 1 . 1 8 7 8 9 6 . 3 4 1 4 2 2007 2 . 5 1 8 6 2 2 1 1 . 3 1 8 0 5 6 . 4 7 5 2 6 7 2008 2 . 7 2 8 8 9 8 1 1 . 4 4 4 2 9 . 4 1 4 8 3 9 2009 3 . 1 6 1 4 2 1 1 1 . 2 4 8 4 9 . 4 6 4 8 6 3 49 20 Republic of Korea Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 0 8 5 3 8 5 8 . 7 2 4 6 9 5 7 . 2 6 8 2 5 2 1991 4 . 2 0 7 8 9 5 8 . 8 7 1 0 8 4 6 . 1 7 6 3 5 2 1992 4 . 3 0 8 2 4 5 8 . 9 2 9 9 6 5 6 . 4 4 1 1 2 7 1993 4 . 3 4 2 8 8 1 9 . 0 1 4 3 2 5 6 . 9 8 7 0 8 3 1994 4 . 3 9 8 8 9 2 9 . 1 6 1 6 7 5 6 . 8 8 9 6 0 8 1995 4 . 4 7 7 5 6 1 9 . 3 4 7 3 1 6 7 . 0 9 0 5 6 5 1996 4 . 4 8 7 3 3 6 9 . 4 1 3 2 7 . 0 9 5 0 2 6 1997 4 . 5 9 7 7 3 2 9 . 3 2 6 7 8 9 7 . 1 2 3 0 2 2 1998 4 . 2 8 9 7 9 9 8 . 9 1 7 7 1 3 7 . 0 9 7 2 9 7 1999 4 . 5 1 9 6 9 2 9 . 1 6 4 7 1 5 6 . 6 1 0 5 8 9 2000 4 . 7 1 6 1 1 4 9 . 3 3 6 7 0 9 6 . 6 9 4 0 8 4 2001 4 . 7 4 5 4 4 5 9 . 2 7 3 7 8 5 6 . 7 5 0 8 0 3 2002 4 . 6 6 6 4 4 8 9 . 4 0 0 4 6 5 6 . 4 2 5 2 0 9 2003 4 . 7 5 5 4 9 1 9 . 5 0 6 8 0 9 6 . 6 2 7 0 6 2004 4 . 8 0 0 5 1 2 9 . 6 1 7 7 3 7 6 . 5 1 4 1 8 4 2005 4 . 7 8 6 0 6 5 9 . 7 7 2 8 6 6 6 . 7 0 6 2 3 2006 4 . 8 1 5 3 0 2 9 . 8 8 8 7 2 9 6 . 6 9 2 2 6 1 2007 4 . 9 0 5 8 3 9 9 . 9 8 2 8 9 9 6 . 8 4 8 3 6 6 2008 4 . 9 3 4 2 3 4 9 . 8 6 0 6 8 4 7 . 0 0 2 6 2 9 2009 4 . 9 1 8 4 0 8 9 . 7 4 7 4 1 8 7 . 0 6 4 2 9 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 8 . 7 2 4 6 9 5 6 . 6 0 3 3 8 7 1991 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 8 . 8 7 1 0 8 4 7 . 3 5 9 7 6 4 1992 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 8 . 9 2 9 9 6 5 6 . 8 8 1 3 8 2 1993 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 0 1 4 3 2 5 6 . 4 6 5 7 7 2 1994 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 1 6 1 6 7 5 6 . 6 7 4 5 3 6 1995 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 3 4 7 3 1 6 6 . 8 4 4 2 4 9 1996 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 4 1 3 2 6 . 6 1 2 1 0 5 1997 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 3 2 6 7 8 9 5 . 6 2 9 5 1 1 1998 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 8 . 9 1 7 7 1 3 5 . 9 3 9 9 1 6 1999 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 1 6 4 7 1 5 5 . 8 9 3 4 7 2 2000 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 3 3 6 7 0 9 5 . 5 1 8 8 5 3 2001 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 2 7 3 7 8 5 5 . 4 5 9 5 4 2 2002 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 4 0 0 4 6 5 6 . 3 6 1 7 8 9 2003 3 . 8 2 8 4 1 9 . 5 0 6 8 0 9 6 . 4 2 9 8 4 8 2004 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 6 1 7 7 3 7 6 . 0 7 4 6 4 6 2005 3 . 8 2 8 4 1 9 . 7 7 2 8 6 6 6 . 1 5 7 3 7 5 2006 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 8 8 8 7 2 9 6 . 2 3 2 3 3 7 2007 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 9 8 2 8 9 9 6 . 3 2 1 2 7 7 2008 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 8 6 0 6 8 4 6 . 4 7 4 0 1 5 2009 3 . 8 2 8 6 4 1 9 . 7 4 7 4 1 8 6 . 3 9 3 9 8 1 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 4 4 8 8 2 4 8 . 7 2 4 6 9 5 7 . 2 3 6 4 5 2 1991 2 . 6 4 3 7 2 2 8 . 8 7 1 0 8 4 6 . 8 0 2 4 3 2 1992 2 . 8 1 7 7 8 1 8 . 9 2 9 9 6 5 6 . 2 2 6 0 6 6 1993 2 . 8 9 2 2 9 2 9 . 0 1 4 3 2 5 6 . 6 0 2 6 7 7 1994 3 . 0 0 4 7 4 9 9 . 1 6 1 6 7 5 7 . 4 9 6 7 2 7 1995 3 . 1 3 1 9 6 2 9 . 3 4 7 3 1 6 7 . 5 8 3 7 6 2 1996 3 . 3 0 7 6 9 9 . 4 1 3 2 8 . 3 4 3 2 4 1997 3 . 3 0 7 3 8 9 9 . 3 2 6 7 8 9 7 . 0 3 1 9 7 1 1998 2 . 9 1 0 2 5 4 8 . 9 1 7 7 1 3 6 . 0 0 8 0 8 3 1999 3 . 0 8 9 3 9 4 9 . 1 6 4 7 1 5 6 . 1 6 2 1 8 7 2000 3 . 3 0 8 9 7 9 . 3 3 6 7 0 9 6 . 7 3 9 1 7 7 2001 3 . 2 7 6 8 5 7 9 . 2 7 3 7 8 5 7 . 0 3 2 7 7 2002 3 . 3 5 9 5 8 6 9 . 4 0 0 4 6 5 7 . 5 9 2 6 7 7 2003 3 . 2 7 1 4 0 3 9 . 5 0 6 8 0 9 7 . 5 5 2 0 4 8 2004 3 . 2 0 3 5 2 6 9 . 6 1 7 7 3 7 7 . 1 4 8 0 3 8 2005 3 . 0 6 8 5 6 9 . 7 7 2 8 6 6 7 . 3 1 4 0 2 4 2006 3 . 0 5 3 1 3 1 9 . 8 8 8 7 2 9 7 . 2 9 6 8 7 4 2007 3 . 0 9 8 7 2 3 9 . 9 8 2 8 9 9 7 . 4 6 0 9 9 1 2008 3 . 0 0 7 3 9 7 9 . 8 6 0 6 8 4 7 . 5 4 8 9 0 7 2009 2 . 8 0 7 6 3 9 . 7 4 7 4 1 8 7 . 3 6 1 8 6 7 50 21 Singapore Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 2 4 9 4 3 5 9 . 3 7 9 6 6 1 6 . 9 6 3 8 7 7 1991 4 . 3 2 9 3 0 8 9 . 5 2 7 8 4 8 6 . 8 7 4 2 6 8 1992 4 . 0 6 9 8 6 9 9 . 6 2 7 7 3 4 6 . 5 0 1 4 2 6 1993 4 . 0 1 3 0 9 9 9 . 8 0 3 8 3 3 6 . 8 9 8 0 8 3 1994 4 . 4 9 5 3 6 9 9 . 9 1 5 8 6 1 6 . 8 6 1 6 1995 4 . 3 8 8 5 2 6 1 0 . 0 3 9 8 5 6 . 3 7 9 8 2 3 1996 4 . 1 6 8 6 1 1 1 0 . 1 5 7 9 7 6 . 3 8 5 4 2 5 1997 4 . 1 6 8 6 1 1 1 0 . 2 2 3 5 8 7 . 4 1 8 8 2 1998 4 . 2 5 7 6 6 1 1 0 . 1 0 2 3 4 7 . 9 7 0 7 2 2 1999 3 . 9 2 4 3 5 1 9 . 9 8 5 7 5 9 6 . 9 6 2 6 9 2 2000 3 . 9 4 0 9 8 1 0 . 0 7 8 0 7 6 . 9 0 6 1 9 1 2001 3 . 7 1 5 7 7 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 7 . 0 3 5 2 2 2 2002 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 9 . 9 8 4 6 5 3 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2003 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 0 2 9 6 8 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2004 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 1 7 5 0 8 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2005 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 2 7 3 4 3 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2006 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 3 5 8 3 5 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2007 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 5 0 9 3 1 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2008 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 5 1 1 5 7 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 2009 4 . 0 5 1 5 7 4 1 0 . 5 3 9 8 6 . 5 9 3 2 6 3 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 2 . 4 4 8 8 2 5 9 . 3 7 9 6 6 1 5 . 2 3 2 7 4 1 1991 2 . 4 1 4 9 2 4 9 . 5 2 7 8 4 8 5 . 2 5 2 4 2 7 1992 2 . 7 6 3 7 3 4 9 . 6 2 7 7 3 4 5 . 3 8 4 6 8 3 1993 1 . 4 4 6 7 9 5 9 . 8 0 3 8 3 3 3 . 6 9 0 8 5 7 1994 3 . 4 2 7 5 0 2 9 . 9 1 5 8 6 1 5 . 6 0 8 4 2 9 1995 2 . 7 0 6 0 4 8 1 0 . 0 3 9 8 5 6 . 3 4 2 5 4 5 1996 2 . 5 2 5 7 8 7 1 0 . 1 5 7 9 7 6 . 2 3 3 0 4 8 1997 2 . 5 2 5 8 7 1 0 . 2 2 3 5 8 5 . 1 1 8 3 6 2 1998 2 . 4 8 1 6 1 5 1 0 . 1 0 2 3 4 4 . 4 9 7 5 7 1999 3 . 5 2 6 1 1 2 . 9 8 5 7 5 9 5 . 2 5 6 1 1 1 2000 3 . 3 1 5 9 2 6 1 0 . 0 7 8 0 7 5 . 3 0 7 4 5 6 2001 3 . 3 9 9 1 9 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 5 . 5 1 5 5 3 6 2002 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 9 . 9 8 4 6 5 3 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2003 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 0 2 9 6 8 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2004 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 1 7 5 0 8 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2005 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 2 7 3 4 3 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2006 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 3 5 8 3 5 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2007 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 5 0 9 3 1 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2008 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 5 1 1 5 7 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 2009 1 . 3 8 9 4 3 4 1 0 . 5 3 9 8 4 . 9 2 8 4 4 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 1 . 2 3 3 6 7 9 9 . 3 7 9 6 6 1 6 . 4 6 1 2 9 3 1991 0 . 9 6 4 5 5 1 9 . 5 2 7 8 4 8 6 . 5 5 6 7 3 7 1992 1 . 4 2 9 3 9 4 9 . 6 2 7 7 3 4 6 . 3 7 1 2 1993 - 2 . 5 3 7 1 2 9 . 8 0 3 8 3 3 6 . 5 6 8 3 5 2 1994 1 . 3 4 7 7 1 9 . 9 1 5 8 6 1 6 . 0 7 6 6 9 1995 1 . 5 5 7 2 2 7 1 0 . 0 3 9 8 5 6 . 6 7 9 3 1 3 1996 1 . 3 9 9 0 0 3 1 0 . 1 5 7 9 7 6 . 4 4 1 9 3 3 1997 1 . 3 9 9 0 0 3 1 0 . 2 2 3 5 8 6 . 4 4 1 9 3 3 1998 0 . 9 0 3 9 2 6 1 0 . 1 0 2 3 4 6 . 1 0 5 4 2 1999 0 . 9 9 3 5 3 8 9 . 9 8 5 7 5 9 6 . 0 9 1 6 3 3 2000 1 . 1 0 1 7 5 2 1 0 . 0 7 8 0 7 6 . 3 4 2 0 3 2001 1 . 9 7 0 7 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 6 . 3 1 6 8 3 5 2002 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 9 . 9 8 4 6 5 3 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2003 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 0 2 9 6 8 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2004 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 1 7 5 0 8 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2005 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 2 7 3 4 3 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2006 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 3 5 8 3 5 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2007 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 5 0 9 3 1 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2008 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 5 1 1 5 7 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 2009 0 . 1 7 9 0 3 1 0 . 5 3 9 8 5 . 8 2 2 2 8 2 51 22 UK Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 2 6 7 5 2 9 9 . 7 8 0 6 4 2 6 . 8 3 3 9 4 4 1991 4 . 2 5 1 7 4 6 9 . 8 1 9 3 9 9 6 . 8 1 2 3 1 2 1992 4 . 3 1 7 9 3 6 9 . 8 5 0 0 8 7 6 . 8 3 6 6 2 5 1993 4 . 3 3 7 7 4 7 9 . 7 4 0 8 5 1 6 . 7 7 7 8 4 9 1994 4 . 3 7 4 1 7 1 9 . 8 1 6 1 8 5 6 . 6 8 6 3 9 8 1995 4 . 3 8 6 6 3 1 9 . 9 0 0 6 8 4 6 . 9 3 9 0 7 1996 4 . 4 0 9 7 2 9 9 . 9 5 0 6 5 7 6 . 8 2 9 5 0 4 1997 4 . 4 4 9 5 2 1 0 . 0 5 6 3 8 6 . 7 2 8 3 7 3 1998 4 . 3 6 8 2 0 8 1 0 . 1 2 2 3 4 6 . 8 0 4 7 4 4 1999 4 . 4 0 1 6 9 5 1 0 . 1 5 0 5 4 6 . 7 4 6 2 5 3 2000 4 . 3 3 6 2 5 2 1 0 . 1 3 0 1 8 6 . 8 5 2 4 8 1 2001 4 . 3 8 3 1 8 4 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 2 6 . 7 5 9 9 5 4 2002 4 . 5 6 9 2 2 2 1 0 . 2 0 9 9 8 6 . 1 0 3 1 0 2 2003 4 . 4 0 5 9 1 1 1 0 . 3 4 9 4 2 6 . 7 2 9 6 7 5 2004 4 . 4 0 0 5 1 8 1 0 . 5 1 2 9 5 6 . 8 4 1 1 6 1 2005 4 . 4 2 6 3 2 7 1 0 . 5 4 1 6 5 6 . 7 4 0 4 5 2 2006 4 . 3 5 0 6 5 7 1 0 . 6 0 4 9 7 6 . 8 2 4 2 8 2007 4 . 3 6 0 6 4 1 1 0 . 7 3 8 3 9 6 . 9 1 9 5 0 8 2008 4 . 3 4 5 7 2 1 0 . 6 7 5 5 8 6 . 7 8 3 8 6 8 2009 4 . 3 1 3 7 9 1 1 0 . 4 6 7 7 5 6 . 6 6 0 4 9 1 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 8 8 0 1 2 3 9 . 7 8 0 6 4 2 7 . 0 4 7 8 5 6 1991 3 . 8 7 8 8 6 3 9 . 8 1 9 3 9 9 6 . 9 7 7 4 2 1992 3 . 9 5 5 8 7 2 9 . 8 5 0 0 8 7 6 . 8 7 1 9 6 1 1993 3 . 9 2 1 4 3 1 9 . 7 4 0 8 5 1 6 . 7 8 3 7 8 3 1994 4 . 1 1 0 7 9 5 9 . 8 1 6 1 8 5 6 . 7 5 3 2 7 1995 4 . 1 0 6 8 4 9 . 9 0 0 6 8 4 6 . 4 5 1 9 7 9 1996 4 . 1 4 6 4 6 7 9 . 9 5 0 6 5 7 6 . 4 0 8 3 6 8 1997 4 . 2 0 2 9 9 1 0 . 0 5 6 3 8 6 . 8 1 8 5 6 1998 4 . 1 9 2 9 5 7 1 0 . 1 2 2 3 4 6 . 8 4 1 1 8 2 1999 4 . 2 6 8 6 9 8 1 0 . 1 5 0 5 4 6 . 6 8 5 7 9 2000 4 . 2 3 0 2 1 4 1 0 . 1 3 0 1 8 6 . 6 8 4 7 5 2001 4 . 2 4 8 2 5 4 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 2 6 . 6 4 4 2 9 3 2002 4 . 0 7 4 5 5 6 1 0 . 2 0 9 9 8 6 . 9 5 0 5 5 9 2003 4 . 3 4 1 7 7 1 0 . 3 4 9 4 2 6 . 7 0 4 2 0 4 2004 4 . 3 7 5 7 1 2 1 0 . 5 1 2 9 5 6 . 8 1 5 8 0 8 2005 4 . 3 9 2 7 7 3 1 0 . 5 4 1 6 5 6 . 7 8 8 2 7 2 2006 4 . 3 6 6 7 3 6 1 0 . 6 0 4 9 7 6 . 8 0 9 4 4 2 2007 4 . 3 4 3 3 0 2 1 0 . 7 3 8 3 9 6 . 9 1 8 1 9 9 2008 4 . 1 8 0 4 9 8 1 0 . 6 7 5 5 8 6 . 9 9 4 8 2 2009 4 . 0 6 6 9 0 1 0 . 4 6 7 7 5 6 . 8 4 1 8 0 8 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 1 9 9 4 9 2 9 . 7 8 0 6 4 2 6 . 6 0 3 6 8 1 1991 3 . 1 9 0 4 8 3 9 . 8 1 9 3 9 9 6 . 6 3 8 9 0 6 1992 3 . 1 5 2 7 8 6 9 . 8 5 0 0 8 7 6 . 4 6 3 4 5 8 1993 3 . 1 1 9 1 4 5 9 . 7 4 0 8 5 1 6 . 1 9 9 9 2 1 1994 3 . 3 5 9 6 8 4 9 . 8 1 6 1 8 5 6 . 1 6 2 0 7 5 1995 3 . 3 7 7 9 2 2 9 . 9 0 0 6 8 4 6 . 4 8 9 0 4 4 1996 3 . 4 3 1 2 3 9 9 . 9 5 0 6 5 7 6 . 6 1 1 8 8 6 1997 3 . 4 6 2 4 2 1 0 . 0 5 6 3 8 6 . 3 9 3 6 3 3 1998 3 . 4 9 6 9 4 5 1 0 . 1 2 2 3 4 6 . 3 9 6 9 3 1999 3 . 4 7 0 4 4 1 0 . 1 5 0 5 4 6 . 3 3 8 4 6 8 2000 3 . 3 6 8 0 1 5 1 0 . 1 3 0 1 8 6 . 2 0 5 5 3 9 2001 3 . 7 5 1 3 8 4 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 2 6 . 2 8 8 7 7 6 2002 3 . 5 9 6 5 4 9 1 0 . 2 0 9 9 8 6 . 2 6 8 4 8 2003 3 . 3 9 6 8 1 5 1 0 . 3 4 9 4 2 6 . 2 8 3 3 1 2004 3 . 4 6 2 8 0 1 1 0 . 5 1 2 9 5 6 . 3 8 6 3 3 4 2005 3 . 5 6 7 4 0 8 1 0 . 5 4 1 6 5 6 . 5 7 3 7 3 2006 3 . 5 7 0 0 6 2 1 0 . 6 0 4 9 7 6 . 4 2 9 9 8 2007 3 . 5 8 6 3 9 6 1 0 . 7 3 8 3 9 6 . 5 5 4 0 5 8 2008 3 . 5 5 9 3 8 3 1 0 . 6 7 5 5 8 6 . 2 9 4 0 2 7 2009 3 . 5 1 1 1 3 2 1 0 . 4 6 7 7 5 6 . 2 6 0 1 7 2 52 23 USA Newspaper Writing and Printing Paper Package Paperboard Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 9 3 3 2 8 1 1 0 . 0 4 4 9 6 . 4 4 1 6 2 7 1991 4 . 9 2 0 4 7 3 1 0 . 0 6 2 3 3 6 . 3 4 4 2 6 7 1992 4 . 9 6 1 2 4 4 1 0 . 1 0 2 7 9 6 . 3 7 4 6 2 1 1993 4 . 9 8 5 8 3 6 1 0 . 1 3 9 6 3 6 . 3 3 7 3 7 5 1994 5 . 0 2 4 2 5 1 0 . 1 8 7 8 4 6 . 3 1 8 9 2 1995 5 . 1 0 8 5 4 3 1 0 . 2 2 4 0 8 6 . 5 8 2 4 4 8 1996 5 . 0 7 8 9 7 1 0 . 2 6 7 1 6 6 . 4 3 0 6 9 9 1997 5 . 1 3 6 4 9 6 1 0 . 3 1 8 3 1 6 . 4 0 1 7 6 8 1998 5 . 1 3 0 8 7 2 1 0 . 3 6 3 6 6 6 . 5 0 9 8 7 1 1999 5 . 1 8 0 4 5 9 1 0 . 4 1 4 2 7 6 . 4 6 5 6 1 4 2000 5 . 1 3 1 4 0 5 1 0 . 4 6 5 4 1 6 . 5 3 7 1 8 3 2001 5 . 1 0 1 8 3 8 1 0 . 4 8 8 4 4 6 . 5 2 3 2 5 1 2002 5 . 1 2 2 9 0 4 1 0 . 5 1 3 1 7 6 . 5 1 0 1 2 8 2003 5 . 1 0 8 5 9 6 1 0 . 5 5 0 4 9 6 . 5 1 4 8 1 9 2004 5 . 1 1 1 8 6 4 1 0 . 6 0 4 3 3 6 . 5 3 5 2 0 9 2005 5 . 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 0 . 6 5 8 0 6 6 . 5 5 9 5 7 4 2006 5 . 1 5 7 3 3 6 1 0 . 7 0 6 9 6 . 6 2 5 0 3 1 2007 5 . 1 2 9 7 0 8 1 0 . 7 4 5 1 8 6 . 6 3 9 1 3 1 2008 5 . 0 8 2 4 1 3 1 0 . 7 5 7 2 9 6 . 6 7 6 5 3 3 2009 5 . 0 0 6 6 5 7 1 0 . 7 3 1 1 2 6 . 3 3 0 6 9 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 4 . 2 4 1 2 6 3 1 0 . 0 4 4 9 6 . 5 7 3 6 4 2 1991 4 . 2 3 7 5 2 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 3 3 6 . 6 5 8 6 3 9 1992 4 . 2 5 9 4 2 1 0 . 1 0 2 7 9 6 . 6 2 1 2 5 9 1993 4 . 3 1 2 8 6 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 6 3 6 . 8 2 0 2 8 2 1994 4 . 4 0 3 4 7 6 1 0 . 1 8 7 8 4 6 . 7 0 5 3 9 5 1995 4 . 4 0 5 6 6 1 1 0 . 2 2 4 0 8 6 . 9 9 9 9 9 4 1996 4 . 3 8 1 4 8 1 1 0 . 2 6 7 1 6 6 . 8 0 5 9 3 1 1997 4 . 4 7 8 1 1 1 1 0 . 3 1 8 3 1 6 . 6 9 1 7 8 5 1998 4 . 4 4 0 1 3 5 1 0 . 3 6 3 6 6 6 . 6 9 2 0 2 4 1999 4 . 4 7 4 0 4 3 1 0 . 4 1 4 2 7 6 . 6 6 5 0 3 9 2000 4 . 4 8 0 1 6 6 1 0 . 4 6 5 4 1 6 . 7 3 3 2 3 5 2001 4 . 4 0 5 1 6 1 0 . 4 8 8 4 4 6 . 7 2 7 7 2 1 2002 4 . 4 2 5 6 0 9 1 0 . 5 1 3 1 7 6 . 5 9 3 0 4 6 2003 4 . 4 3 0 1 8 7 1 0 . 5 5 0 4 9 6 . 5 4 7 5 5 2 2004 4 . 4 9 9 1 4 1 0 . 6 0 4 3 3 6 . 5 6 4 9 7 6 2005 4 . 4 7 8 1 6 1 0 . 6 5 8 0 6 6 . 6 4 5 2 2 2006 4 . 4 8 2 4 8 8 1 0 . 7 0 6 9 6 . 6 9 1 7 5 7 2007 4 . 4 5 9 2 4 2 1 0 . 7 4 5 1 8 6 . 7 0 6 6 3 7 2008 4 . 3 5 9 2 6 7 1 0 . 7 5 7 2 9 6 . 8 0 9 8 7 7 2009 4 . 1 3 7 7 3 7 1 0 . 7 3 1 1 2 6 . 7 6 0 9 0 7 Y e a r L n ( D ) L n ( Y ) L n ( P ) 1990 3 . 7 2 6 1 0 . 0 4 4 9 6 . 3 8 3 9 5 4 1991 3 . 6 7 2 6 9 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 3 3 6 . 3 7 2 3 4 9 1992 3 . 6 5 8 5 0 9 1 0 . 1 0 2 7 9 6 . 3 3 8 0 5 8 1993 3 . 6 9 0 9 4 1 1 0 . 1 3 9 6 3 6 . 2 8 1 2 0 2 1994 3 . 6 9 6 2 0 8 1 0 . 1 8 7 8 4 6 . 1 9 8 4 0 2 1995 3 . 6 8 0 1 5 5 1 0 . 2 2 4 0 8 6 . 4 6 5 3 3 5 1996 3 . 6 1 1 2 5 4 1 0 . 2 6 7 1 6 6 . 4 6 8 5 7 8 1997 3 . 6 5 2 2 3 5 1 0 . 3 1 8 3 1 6 . 3 1 1 1 1 2 1998 3 . 6 7 1 7 4 7 1 0 . 3 6 3 6 6 6 . 3 5 8 6 7 5 1999 3 . 6 9 4 8 6 1 0 . 4 1 4 2 7 6 . 2 4 9 1 3 5 2000 3 . 7 0 4 7 3 3 1 0 . 4 6 5 4 1 6 . 3 1 7 1 3 1 2001 3 . 5 8 2 2 4 4 1 0 . 4 8 8 4 4 6 . 3 6 5 3 3 9 2002 3 . 5 4 4 8 3 4 1 0 . 5 1 3 1 7 6 . 1 8 4 7 0 2 2003 3 . 5 4 7 9 8 1 0 . 5 5 0 4 9 6 . 1 5 5 8 9 2 2004 3 . 5 0 2 4 7 6 1 0 . 6 0 4 3 3 6 . 2 2 9 5 5 1 2005 3 . 4 2 3 8 3 5 1 0 . 6 5 8 0 6 6 . 3 4 8 9 0 4 2006 3 . 3 6 6 5 1 3 1 0 . 7 0 6 9 6 . 4 3 6 8 8 2007 3 . 2 2 8 6 9 4 1 0 . 7 4 5 1 8 6 . 3 5 5 5 2 2008 3 . 0 9 2 6 8 7 1 0 . 7 5 7 2 9 6 . 4 8 4 3 2 9 2009 2 . 7 4 1 3 8 2 1 0 . 7 3 1 1 2 6 . 3 9 4 9 1 1 53 CPI Table 1990 130.7 5.40% 1991 136.2 4.20% 1992 140.3 3.00% 1993 144.5 3.00% 1994 148.2 2.60% 1995 152.4 2.80% 1996 156.9 2.90% 1997 160.5 2.30% 1998 163 1.60% 1999 166.6 2.20% 2000 172.2 3.40% 2001 177.1 2.80% 2002 179.9 1.60% 2003 184 2.30% 2004 188.9 2.70% 2005 195.3 3.40% 2006 201.6 3.20% 2007 207.3 2.90% 2008 215.3 3.80% 2009 214.5 -0.40%