Evaluation of the Aberdeen and Forwarder knots in large gauge suture

Abstract

Methods: Forwarder, Aberdeen, surgeon’s and square knots were tested using large gauge suture under linear tension on a universal testing machine, recording knot holding capacity (KHC). Relative knot security (RKS) was calculated as a percentage of KHC. Knot volume and weight were assessed by a digital micrometer and balance, respectively. An ANOVA and post hoc testing compared strength between number of throws, suture, suture size, and knot type. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forwarder and Aberdeen knots had a higher KHC and RKS than surgeon’s or square knots for all suture types and number of throws (P<0.001). For all suture materials, no Forwarder or Aberdeen knots unraveled. Forwarder and Aberdeen knots had a smaller volume and weight than surgeon’s and square knots with equal number of throws (p<0.001). Conclusions: The Forwarder and Aberdeen knots were shown in vitro to be stronger, more secure, and smaller than surgeon’s and square knots.