Quantifying Effectiveness of Red Flashing LEDs around WRONG-WAY Signs in Deterring Wrong-way Driving: A Before and After Study

Abstract

Wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are a significant safety concern due to their high fatality rates. Traditional countermeasures like static WRONG WAY (WW) signs have shown limited effectiveness. This study evaluates the additional impact of red flashing LEDs around WW sign borders on deterring WWD incidents at a university campus area. Using a Wrong Way Alert System with radar detectors, cameras, and flashing LED-equipped signs, 416 WWD incidents were analyzed over 29 months, comparing periods with LEDs activated and deactivated. The Two-Proportion Z-Test showed a 20% higher driver turnaround rate with LEDs activated (p<0.001). A Random Forest model identified LED status as the most influential factor, followed by time of day, day of week, and academic calendar period. Results highlight the LED’s enhanced effectiveness during specific contexts. Recommendations include AI-driven enhancements and pavement marking implementation to reduce system false positives and prevent drivers from entering the wrong direction.