Testing several powders for activity against litter beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) under various conditions

Abstract

Litter beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) are significant pests in poultry facilities worldwide, acting as both vectors and reservoirs for a variety of pathogens. They cause structural damage to poultry houses and can contaminate feed and litter with pathogens. Thus, increasing poultry's exposure to disease. These challenges highlight an urgent need for effective and sustainable pest control strategies. However, despite the widespread use of chemical insecticides, their effectiveness is frequently compromised by insecticide resistance, health risks, and environmental concerns. This study explored alternative approaches to managing A. diaperinus, with a particular focus on natural powders, including Bentonite Clay, Biochar, Boric Acid, Diatomaceous Earth, Ground Gypsum, Kaolin Clay, Moroccan Rhassoul Clay, Silicon Dioxide, Talc, Walnut Powder, and Zeolite Clay. Known for their physical and chemical properties, these powders can lead to desiccation, metabolic disruption, and eventual death in insects while posing minimal risks to poultry and the environment. Experiments were conducted at room temperature, as well as at varying temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 35°C) and different humidities (ranging from 10.3% to 99.7% RH). The results showed that Silicon Dioxide consistently caused high mortality rates in beetles across all tested conditions, establishing it as the most effective treatment overall. Moroccan Rhassoul clay and diatomaceous earth also showed strong efficacy, particularly in drier environments. Zeolite Clay and Talc demonstrated greater effectiveness at elevated temperatures, whereas Kaolin Clay maintained consistent performance in both dry and humid conditions. Boric Acid's effectiveness increased with higher temperatures but declined under high humidity. In contrast, Bentonite Clay, Ground Gypsum, and Walnut Powder had minimal impact on beetle mortality. These results underscore the potential of specific powders as viable alternatives to conventional insecticides, with Silicon Dioxide emerging as the most dependable option across varying conditions. By presenting these alternatives, the study aims to advance the understanding and implementation of sustainable pest control techniques tailored to the poultry industry.